Nonequilitrium effects in nanostructures: applications to solid state quantum computation and spintronics

纳米结构中的非平衡效应：在固态量子计算和自旋电子学中的应用

• 批准号: 342982-2007
• 负责人: DeSousa, Rogerio
• 金额: $ 1.75万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=365012
• 关键词: Nonequilitrium; effects; nanostructures; applications; solid

The longstanding progress of conventional semiconductor technology is expected to come to a halt in the next ten to twenty years.  As the size of transistors approach the nanometer scale severe problems related to miniaturization and energy dissipation will hinder further improvement of conventional devices.  This anticipation is motivating the development of alternative devices that take advantage of the quantum nature at the atomic scale.  A notable example is the quantum computer concept, where each bit is formed by a single atom or a group of a few atoms, and the rules of quantum mechanics dictate the way information is processed.  Another interesting alternative is spintronics, where the spin of the electrons instead of their charge forms the basis for classical memory and logic, promising much lower rates of energy dissipation per device.  This research project addresses several theoretical questions related to the design and optimization of quantum computer and spintronic devices based on semiconductor, superconductor, and magnetic nanostructures.  We will investigate the physical origin of noise and decoherence affecting quantum computers based on superconducting nanostructures.  Our goal is to control the imperfections inherent to these devices in order to allow the development of large-scale fault-tolerant quantum hardware.  We will also study spin-dependent transport effects in silicon nanostructures implanted with a single or a few paramagnetic impurities.  This research is oriented towards optimizing the transduction of the spin state of the impurities into a source-drain voltage in a silicon device, with possible applications to silicon-based quantum computation and spintronics.  Another problem that will be addressed is the question of electrical control of magnetism in multiferroic materials.  These materials possess coexisting ferroelectric and magnetic order, allowing effective gate control of magnetism with possible applications to novel spintronic devices.

传统半导体技术的长期发展预计将在未来10到20年内停止。随着晶体管尺寸接近纳米尺度，与小型化和能量耗散相关的严重问题将阻碍传统器件的进一步改进。这种预期正在推动开发利用原子尺度量子性质的替代器件。值得注意的是，例如量子计算机概念，其中每个比特由单个原子或几个原子组成，量子力学的规则决定了信息处理的方式。另一个有趣的替代方案是自旋电子学，其中电子的自旋而不是它们的电荷构成了经典存储器和逻辑的基础，该研究项目解决了基于半导体，超导体，和磁性纳米结构。我们将研究影响基于超导纳米结构的量子计算机的噪声和退相干的物理起源。我们的目标是控制这些设备固有的缺陷，以便开发大规模容错量子硬件。我们还将研究自旋-本研究旨在优化硅器件中杂质自旋态到源漏电压的转换，可能应用于硅基量子计算和自旋电子学。另一个将要解决的问题是多铁性材料中磁性的电控制问题。这些材料具有共存的铁电和磁性有序，允许有效的磁性栅极控制，可能应用于新型自旋电子器件。