Precise vehicle positioning using integrated GNSS/low cost dead-reckoning sensors

使用集成 GNSS/低成本航位推算传感器进行精确车辆定位

• 批准号: 194171-2006
• 负责人: Cannon, Elizabeth
• 金额: $ 5.89万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=365131
• 关键词: Precise; vehicle; positioning; using; integrated

The need for high accuracy vehicle positioning has accelerated over the past few years due to the increased demand for systems that provide improved safety and reliability. For example, car manufacturers are currently very interested in systems that can position vehicles to within a few centimetres. Initially, this information can be valuable for vehicle stability control systems and longer term it could provide a necessary component towards more automated vehicles. Current vehicle positioning systems rely on a combination of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) technology (i.e. the Global Positioning System - GPS) with low cost dead-reckoning sensors, most typically an odometer, and these systems are aimed at providing metre-level accuracies. When moving from metres to centimetres, there are several significant challenges. One of the most critical is the potential for GPS outages in environments where there are blockages due to buildings, for example. In this case, continuous GPS tracking is not maintained, and the positioning algorithm has to be restarted after the outage such that it may take a minute or more to obtain centimetre accuracies again. In order to develop a system for precise vehicle positioning in harsh environments, GPS will be integrated with additional dead-reckoning sensors. The first phase will consist of investigating the fusion of low-cost miniature, self-contained, micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) sensors. There are various emerging low cost sensors based on MEMS technology that are currently being embedded into vehicles to support vehicle dynamics modelling. These sensors range from odometers to accelerometers. The second phase will be to investigate emerging high sensitivity GPS (HSGPS) signal tracking technology that allows measurements under degraded signal environments such as urban canyons and indoors. Currently this technology is used for metre-level work and it will be expanded to high accuracies through close association with the GPS manufacturer. New GPS signals, in addition to those being offered by the Europe's emerging GALILEO system, will also be investigated.

过去几年，由于对提供更高安全性和可靠性的系统的需求增加，对高精度车辆定位的需求加快。例如，汽车制造商目前对能够将车辆定位到几厘米以内的系统非常感兴趣。最初，这些信息可能对车辆稳定控制系统有价值，从长远来看，它可能会为更自动化的车辆提供必要的组件。目前的车辆定位系统依赖于全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)技术(即全球定位系统)与低成本航位推算传感器(通常是里程计)的组合，这些系统旨在提供米级精度。在从米到厘米的过程中，存在几个重大挑战。例如，最关键的问题之一是，在因建筑而堵塞的环境中，GPS可能会中断。在这种情况下，无法保持连续的GPS跟踪，并且必须在中断后重新启动定位算法，以便可能需要一分钟或更长时间才能再次获得厘米级的精度。为了开发一种在恶劣环境下精确定位车辆的系统，GPS将与额外的航位推算传感器集成在一起。第一阶段将包括研究低成本微型、自给自足的微电子机械系统(MEMS)传感器的融合。目前有各种基于MEMS技术的新兴低成本传感器被嵌入到车辆中，以支持车辆动力学建模。这些传感器的范围从里程计到加速计。第二阶段将研究新兴的高灵敏度GPS(HSGPS)信号跟踪技术，该技术允许在城市峡谷和室内等信号环境恶化的情况下进行测量。目前，这项技术被用于米级别的工作，并将通过与GPS制造商的密切合作，将其扩展到高精度。除了欧洲新兴的伽利略系统提供的信号外，还将对新的GPS信号进行调查。