Genome duplication and evolution in salmonids

鲑鱼的基因组复制和进化

• 批准号: 138282-2007
• 负责人: Koop, Benjamin
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: University of Victoria
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=366597
• 关键词: Genome; duplication; evolution; salmonids

With 25% of the world's coastline and 16% of the world's fresh water in the form of lakes and rivers, Canada's responsibility to the environment, conservation and potential commercial activities is tremendous. Inhabiting most of the ocean and fresh waters are members of the Salmonidae family which include the whitefishes and ciscos (subfamily Coregoninae), graylings (subfamily Thymallinae) and trout, salmon and charr (subfamily Salmoninae).      The salmonid fishes are economically important, scientifically interesting and culturally relevant for Canadians and the rest of the world.  Salmonids - Atlantic salmon, rainbow trout Arctic charr and others provide employment for 12,390 Canadians (2001), 90% of which reside in coastal, rural and Aboriginal communities. In addition, harvesting wild salmonids is still a very important activity, however many North American wild salmonid fisheries are threatened. Better science-based conservation measures are badly needed.Scientifically, salmonids have been the subject of over 4,200 scientific publications in the last four years and interests span areas of physiology, toxicology, health, conservation, evolution, and biochemistry.   Salmonids are of special scientific interest because a whole genome duplication in their recent past has doubled all of their genes.  This created an unstable genetic state from which the different species of salmonids have taken a variety of strategies to rediploidize (stabilize) their genome. Salmonids are therefor an excellent model system to investigate the consequences of a whole genome duplication.   Genome duplication is a reoccuring theme in vertebrate evolution that has played a fundamental role in generating large numbers of species and the complexity seen in modern vertebrates and humans.

加拿大拥有世界上25%的海岸线和16%的湖泊和河流淡水，加拿大对环境、保护和潜在的商业活动负有巨大的责任。鲑鱼科的成员栖息在大部分海洋和淡水沃茨，包括白鲑和ciscos（白鲑亚科），graylings（百里香亚科）和鳟鱼，鲑鱼和charr（鲑鱼亚科）。 鲑科鱼类对加拿大人和世界其他地区具有重要的经济意义、科学意义和文化意义，鲑科鱼类-大西洋鲑鱼、虹鳟鱼、北极红点鲑和其他鱼类为12 390名加拿大人提供了就业机会（2001年），其中90%居住在沿海、农村和土著社区。此外，捕捞野生鲑鱼仍然是一项非常重要的活动，但许多北美野生鲑鱼渔业受到威胁。在过去的四年里，科学家们已经发表了4,200多篇关于鲑鱼的科学论文，兴趣涉及生理学、毒理学、健康、保护、进化和生物化学等领域。 鲑科鱼类具有特殊的科学意义，因为在它们最近的历史中，整个基因组的复制使它们所有的基因都加倍了。这创造了一种不稳定的遗传状态，不同种类的鲑科鱼类采取了各种策略来重新加倍（稳定）它们的基因组。因此，鲑科鱼类是研究全基因组复制后果的极好模型系统。 基因组复制是脊椎动物进化中反复出现的主题，在产生大量物种和现代脊椎动物和人类的复杂性方面发挥了重要作用。