Reorganisation of the language system in epilepsy

癫痫语言系统的重组

• 批准号: nhmrc : 226100
• 负责人: A/Pr David Abbott
• 金额: $ 12.65万
• 依托单位: Brain Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 澳大利亚
• 项目类别: NHMRC Project Grants
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 澳大利亚
• 起止时间: 2003-01-01 至 2005-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://researchdata.edu.au/reorganisation-language-epilepsy/81971
• 关键词: Reorganisation; language; system; epilepsy

Brain surgery for the treatment of epilepsy is associated with a risk of cognitive impairment. Avoidance of disabling post-operative impairments depends in large measure on our ability to predict and measure individual patterns of language lateralization prior to neurosurgical intervention. Typical patterns of lateralisation cannot be assumed in patients with epileptogenic lesions. There appears to be a consensus that atypical representation is more frequent in patients with epilepsy than it is in the normal population, and values above 20% are not unrepresentative Partial epilepsy arises from a region in the brain and spreads to involve other areas. This is contrasted with generalised epilepsy, which appears to arise all over the brain simultaneously. Partial epilepsy is often associated with lesions such as tumors or hippocampal sclerosis, and often seizures are intractable. Patients with partial epilepsy have a number of sources of brain damage in the language areas. Primary brain changes may be pre-existing, which means they pre-date the onset of habitual seizures. They may consist of a focal developmental abnormality (a malformation of cortical development) or may represent a general genetic predisposition to seizures. Therefore, partial epilepsy is not only associated with severe abnormalities in epileptogenic region but also with additional widespread abnormalities in both hemispheres. There is also evidence for a correlation of abnormalities with seizure frequency with some suggestion that the duration of epilepsy may also increase the degree of abnormality in the hemisphere. The neuronal conditions in language cortex that give rise to altered lateralisation in function are currently not known. The primary aim of this study is to understand reorganisation of the language system in epilepsy by using the current most sensitive non-invasive methods of assessing brain damage and brain function, using magnetic resonance imaging.

治疗癫痫的脑部手术与认知障碍的风险有关。避免禁用术后障碍在很大程度上取决于我们在神经外科干预之前预测和测量语言横向化模式的能力。癫痫病变患者不能假设典型的侧向化模式。似乎有一个共识，即癫痫患者的非典型代表性比正常人群中更频繁，而超过20％的值并不是大脑中的一个区域产生的，并不是非代表性的部分癫痫病，并扩散到其他区域。这与广义癫痫形成对比，该癫痫似乎同时在整个大脑中出现。部分癫痫通常与肿瘤或海马硬化症等病变有关，并且癫痫发作通常是棘手的。部分癫痫患者在语言区域有许多脑损伤的来源。主要的大脑变化可能是预先存在的，这意味着它们会先于习惯性癫痫发作。它们可能包括局灶性发育异常（皮质发育的畸形），也可能代表癫痫发作的一般遗传易感性。因此，部分癫痫不仅与癫痫发作区域的严重异常有关，而且与两个半球的额外广泛异常有关。也有证据表明异常与癫痫发作频率的相关性与某些暗示癫痫持续时间也可能增加半球异常程度。目前尚不清楚语言皮质中的神经元条件会导致功能上侧向化的改变。这项研究的主要目的是使用磁共振成像，使用当前最敏感的非侵入性方法来评估脑损伤和大脑功能，了解癫痫中语言系统的重组。