Theoretical investigations in superconductivity

超导性是指在接近绝对零度(-27摄氏度)的极低温度下发生的一种现象，在这种情况下，某些材料失去了对电流流动的所有阻力，成为完美的导体。超导电性于1911年首次被发现，它继续给物理学和材料研究界带来重大的理论和实验挑战。最近，以惊人的速度发现了新类型的超导体。1986年，随着一种新的材料家族的发现，出现了一项重大突破，这种材料的超导温度比以前所知的要高得多。这调动了世界各地科学家前所未有的活动，因为超导应用的潜力和现有应用的改进，例如日本正在实施的高速磁悬浮(磁悬浮)列车、用于电力传输的超导电缆、用于通信的微波过滤器、工业磁铁和利用磁共振成像(MRI)进行医疗诊断。其中许多新的超导体是高度非传统的，给传统的超导理论带来了独特的困难，很可能需要一个新的范式。预计对这些材料的研究不仅将为如何开发新材料和改进应用性能提供指导，而且还将导致对基础科学的新见解。为了进一步了解常规和非常规超导体中的这种现象，我进行了理论超导方面的研究。我的工作重点有三个方面：1)计算超导体的性质，以便与实验进行比较；2)为研究超导体的实验小组提供理论支持；3)研究新的机制，以阐明新型超导体的超导性质，如高温超导体。这项研究的主要目标之一是使用模型计算和实验相结合的方法，对超导的潜在机制给予重要的洞察。

Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring at very low temperatures approaching absolute zero (-273C) where certain materials lose all resistance to the flow of electrical current and become perfect conductors. First discovered in 1911, superconductivity continues to provide  major theoretical and experimental challenges to the physics and materials research communities. In recent times, new classes of superconductors have been discovered at a phenomenal rate. A major breakthrough came in 1986 with the discovery of a new family of materials which superconduct at much higher temperatures than previously known. This mobilized an unprecedented activity amongst scientists around the world due to potential for applications and improvements in existing applications using superconductivity, such as the high speed MAGLEV (Magnetic Levitation) train being implemented in Japan, superconducting cables for power transmission, microwave filters for communications, industrial magnets, and medical diagnosis with MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging). Many of these new superconductors are highly unconventional, posing unique difficulties with the conventional theory of superconductivity, and likely will require a new paradigm. It is expected that study of these materials will not only provide guidance as to how to develop new materials and improved properties for applications, but will also lead to new insights into fundamental science. I have carried out research in theoretical superconductivity to further understanding of this phenomenon in both conventional and unconventional superconductors. The focus of my work is three-fold: 1) to calculate properties of superconductors for comparison with experiment; 2) to provide theoretical support for experimental groups studying superconductors; and 3) to study new mechanisms for elucidating the nature of superconductivity in novel exotic superconductors, such as the high temperature superconductors. One of the main goals of this research is to use model calculations in conjunction with experiment to give important insight into the underlying mechanism of superconductivity.