Impacts of boreal forest fires on the environment in a changing climate

气候变化下北方森林火灾对环境的影响

• 批准号: 311562-2006
• 负责人: Amiro, Brian
• 金额: $ 1.4万
• 依托单位: University of Manitoba
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=396399
• 关键词: Impacts; boreal; forest; fires; environment

Impacts of Boreal Forest Fires on the Environment in a Changing Climate     Climate change is expected to cause warmer temperatures through much of northern Canada.  This will likely increase forest fire and release more carbon and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere from combustion, increasing the global warming effect.  The occurrence of fire also determines the vegetation of the boreal forest and dictates the amount of carbon that the forest will sequester.  Fire changes the surface characteristics of the forest, because new regenerating vegetation reflects more solar energy and alters the energy partitioning of heat and evapotranspiration.  This alteration of surface energy dissipation affects local, regional and global climate.  The research program will integrate the impact of fire on the carbon and energy balances to establish the net effect of boreal forest fire on the Earth's climate.  The research will estimate the magnitude of future combustion emissions of greenhouse gases and pollutants using global climate model projections of weather impacts on the area burned and the fire severity.  The post-fire effects on the carbon balance from recent flux studies will be integrated with the combustion losses to provide a total estimate of the greenhouse gas implications.  Analyses of the surface energy balance changes following fire will employ data from direct measurements at forested sites and from remote sensing.  The carbon and energy effects will be combined to provide a common net forcing function for fires, which will be projected over the next 100 years.  The research will evaluate the contrasting concepts that more fire causes a positive climate-warming feedback by increasing greenhouse gas emissions but causes cooling by increasing the Earth's reflectivity to solar radiation.  A centre for training students in the fields of fire, micrometeorology, carbon dynamics and climate change will be established.  This fire ecosystem approach will provide the first net estimate of the fire effect on climate, affecting policy decisions on the way that fire is considered in coping with global climate change.

北方森林火灾对环境的影响-气候变化预计将导致加拿大北部大部分地区气温变暖。这可能会增加森林火灾，并从燃烧中向大气释放更多的碳和其他温室气体，增加全球变暖效应。火灾的发生还决定了北方森林的植被，并决定了森林将封存的碳量。火灾改变了森林的表面特征，因为新的再生植被反射了更多的太阳能，并改变了热量和蒸散的能量分配。这种地表能量耗散的改变影响到当地，区域和全球气候。该研究计划将综合火灾对碳和能量平衡的影响，以确定北方森林火灾对地球气候的净影响。该研究将使用全球气候模型对燃烧区域和火灾严重程度的预测来估计未来温室气体和污染物的燃烧排放的大小。最近的通量研究对火灾后对碳平衡的影响将与燃烧损失相结合，以提供温室气体影响的总估计。对火灾后地表能量平衡变化的分析将使用来自在森林覆盖的地点和来自遥感的直接测量。碳和能源的影响将结合在一起，为火灾提供共同的净强迫功能，这项研究将在未来100年内预测。这项研究将评估两种截然不同的概念，即更多的火通过增加温室气体排放而导致积极的气候变暖反馈，但通过增加地球对太阳辐射的反射率而导致降温。*将建立一个培训学生在火灾、微气象学、碳动力学和气候变化领域的中心。这种火灾生态系统方法将首次提供火灾对气候影响的净估计，影响在应对全球气候变化时考虑火灾的方式的政策决策。