Eye tracking systems

我研究的长期目标是开发临床上有用的非侵入性方法，记录和分析婴儿、儿童和成人的正常和异常眼球运动和视觉扫描模式。在过去的20年里，我在多伦多大学的团队开发了头盔眼睛跟踪和凝视估计系统，已用于神经学、眼科学、精神病学、人机界面和飞行员和驾驶员行为的评估。头戴式系统最适合于需要大量快速头部移动的应用，但不适合监测长时间凝视或不需要受试者合作的应用。该应用的目标是发展远程(无头部附着物)凝视估计系统的理论和实践，只需要最少的受试者合作。所有远程凝视估计系统将用于婴儿和老年患者的临床研究。远程、无定标(无主体合作)凝视估计系统的开发是基于我们眼睛跟踪研究的最新理论进展和我们在视频图像中检测和估计眼睛特征的专业知识。就像我们的头盔系统一样，远程系统利用摄像机来捕捉受试者眼睛的图像，红外光源来照亮眼睛。我们将使用凝视点估计系统来a)研究婴儿或说话前儿童的视觉扫描模式，以确定他们处理视觉信息的能力，以及b)为老年性黄斑变性患者开发一种视觉辅助设备(凝视控制放大镜)。

The long-term objectives of my research are to develop clinically useful non-invasive methods of recording and analyzing normal and abnormal eye movements and visual scanning patterns, in infants, children and adults.  Over the past 20 years my group at the University of Toronto has developed head-mounted eye-tracking and gaze estimation systems that have been used in a variety of studies in neurology, ophthalmology, psychiatry, human machine interfaces and in the evaluation of pilots and drivers behavior.  Head-mounted systems are optimal for applications that require large and fast head-movements but are not suitable for monitoring gaze over long time periods or in applications that require no subject's cooperation.  The goals of this application are to develop the theory and practice of remote (no head attachments) gaze estimation systems that require minimal subject's cooperation.  The remote gaze estimation systems will be used in clinical studies with infants and elderly patients. The development of remote, calibration free (no subject cooperation) gaze-estimation systems is based on recent theoretical advances in our eye-tracking research and our expertise in the detection and estimation of eye-features in video images.  As in our head-mounted systems, the remote system utilizes video cameras to capture images of the subject's eye and infrared light sources to illuminate the eye.  We will use the point-of-gaze estimation system to a) study visual scanning patterns of infants or pre-verbal children in order to determine their ability to process visual information, and b) develop a visual aid (gaze-controlled magnifier) for patients with age-related macular degeneration.