GlueX-Canada: The physics of confinement probed through gluonic excitations

粒子物理学寻求在最基本的层面上理解自然及其所有规律，直到它的基本成分及其相互作用。在过去的几十年里，使用加速器和天体物理观测取得了巨大的进步，这增强了我们的信念，即基本模型，也被称为标准模型(SM)，基本上是对亚原子世界的有效描述。它的成功从根本上是基于渐近自由的概念，该概念规定，夸克是最基本的粒子，当它们的分离很小时(高能碰撞)，夸克表现为自由粒子，因此可以对它们的相互作用进行准确的分析计算。然而，当夸克被束缚在一起形成我们所知的物质时，它们的相互作用是如此强烈，以至于它们不能分开，也不能作为单独的夸克存在。这是一个实验事实，它给SM增加了一个额外的方面，那就是夸克的禁闭。它仍然是物理学中悬而未决的问题之一。

Particle physics seeks to understand nature - and all its laws - at the most fundamental level, down to its elementary constituents and their interactions. Tremendous strides have been made in the last several decades - using accelerators and astrophysical observations - that have strengthened our conviction that the basic model, also known as the Standard Model (SM), is essentially a valid description of the subatomic world. Its success is based fundamentally on the concept of asymptotic freedom, which stipulates that the quarks, the most elemental particles, behave as free particles when their separation is small (high energy collisions) so that accurate analytical calculations of their interactions can be made. However, when the quarks are bound together to form matter as we know it, their interactions are so strong that they cannot be separated and cannot exist as individual quarks. This is an experimental fact that imposes an additional aspect to the SM, that of confinement of quarks. It remains one of the outstanding problems in physics.