GlueX-Canada: The physics of confinement probed through gluonic excitations

GlueX-Canada：通过胶子激发探测约束物理学

• 批准号: 326516-2009
• 负责人: Lolos, George
• 金额: $ 16.76万
• 依托单位: University of Regina
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Subatomic Physics Envelope - Project
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=428500
• 关键词: GlueX; Canada; physics; confinement; probed

Particle physics seeks to understand nature - and all its laws - at the most fundamental level, down to its elementary constituents and their interactions. Tremendous strides have been made in the last several decades using accelerators and astrophysical observations - that have strengthened our conviction that the basic model, also known as the Standard Model (SM), is essentially a valid description of the subatomic world. Its success is based fundamentally on the concept of asymptotic freedom, which stipulates that the quarks, the most elemental particles, behave as free particles when their separation is small (high energy collisions) so that accurate analytical calculations of their interactions can be made. However, when the quarks are bound together to form matter as we know it, their interactions are so strong that they cannot be separated and cannot exist as individual quarks. This is an experimental fact that imposes an additional aspect to the SM, that of confinement of quarks. It remains one of the outstanding problems in physics. In the confinement regime, where analytical calculations are not feasible, models have to be constructed with the freedom to adjust inputs - as required by the experimental data - in order to learn about fundamental aspects of the problem at hand. For this to lead to a solid understanding of the true nature of confinement, high quality and reliable experimental data are absolutely necessary. The goal of this proposal is to create and identify exotic forms of matter that, by their very nature, exhibit unique signatures among all other particles that will allow theoretical models of confinement to be tested in the most constraining possible way. This is a difficult task requiring experimental conditions that are now becoming possible, both in accelerator and photo-sensor technologies. The latter is driven by the Canadian group and has important applications in medical physics and imaging.

粒子物理学寻求在最基本的层面上理解自然及其所有规律，直到它的基本成分及其相互作用。在过去的几十年里，使用加速器和天体物理观测取得了巨大的进步--这增强了我们的信念，即基本模型，也被称为标准模型(SM)，基本上是对亚原子世界的有效描述。它的成功从根本上是基于渐近自由的概念，该概念规定，夸克是最基本的粒子，当它们的分离很小时(高能碰撞)，夸克表现为自由粒子，因此可以对它们的相互作用进行准确的分析计算。然而，当夸克被束缚在一起形成我们所知的物质时，它们的相互作用是如此强烈，以至于它们不能分开，也不能作为单独的夸克存在。这是一个实验事实，它给SM增加了一个额外的方面，那就是夸克的禁闭。它仍然是物理学中悬而未决的问题之一。在分析计算不可行的限制制度下，必须按照实验数据的要求自由调整输入来构建模型，以便了解手头问题的基本方面。要使人们对禁闭的真正本质有一个坚实的理解，高质量和可靠的实验数据是绝对必要的。这项提议的目标是创造和识别奇异的物质形式，这些物质的本质是在所有其他粒子中显示出独特的特征，这将使限制理论模型能够以最具约束性的方式进行测试。这是一项困难的任务，需要实验条件，现在无论是在加速器技术还是光传感器技术中，这些条件都正在成为可能。后者由加拿大集团推动，在医学物理和成像方面有重要应用。