Managing psychrophilic anaerobic digestion for minimal N losses from swine manure

一个可行的牲畜粪便厌氧处理系统意味着农场经营者减少粪便处理成本的重大利益，以及面临大气污染造成的严重气候变化的世界。传统的厌氧系统价格昂贵，并且对于畜牧业经营者来说不友好。GTI为粪肥储存设施引入了一种稳定且可销售的气密盖，麦吉尔大学的Barrington博士观察到这种储存中嗜冷厌氧消化（ISPAD）的概念很有前途。由于ISPAD的运作方式与传统的厌氧系统不同，它有恒定的粪便流入和流出，因此需要从沼气生产和管理实践的角度对其性能进行评估。此外，ISPAD可以潜在地限制有机氮的分解，但产生与传统厌氧系统一样多的沼气。因此，GTI气密罩在减少氨排放到大气中方面具有重要的世界市场优势，因为畜牧业生产占所有排放量的65%至75%。该方法需要实验室和现场试验。实验室测试将测量与ISPAD相关的动力学参数，并产生经进一步实验室生物反应器工作和所获得的现场数据校准和验证的适应模型。该模型将预测最佳的沼气生产和最小的有机氮降解的最佳管理实践。在田间，将使用两个具有双重肥料操作的地点;在每个地点，一个水箱将被覆盖，而另一个将作为对照。将进行C、N、P和K的质量平衡，以测量系统在沼气生产和有机氮降解方面的性能。将对储存后的粪便气味排放进行评价。对于ISPAD，该项目将：制作一个预测有机氮降解的模型，这是一个关注有限的研究主题领域，以及沼气生产;指出最佳管理做法;并向畜牧企业提供所需的信息，以确定ISPAD是否有益于它们的经营。

A feasible anaerobic treatment system for livestock manures means major benefits for farm operators to reduce manure handling costs, and for the world faced with serious climatic changes resulting from atmospheric pollution. Conventional anaerobic systems are expensive and not user friendly for livestock operators. GTI has introduced a stable and marketable air tight cover for manure storage facilities, and this concept of in storage psychrophilic anaerobic digestion (ISPAD) was observed to be promising by Dr. Barrington of McGill University. Because ISPAD operates differently compared to conventional anaerobic systems with a constant manure inflow and outflow its performance needs evaluation in terms of biogas production and management practices. Also, ISPAD can potentially limit organic N breakdown but produce as much biogas production as conventional anaerobic systems. Thus, the GTI air tight cover has a major world market advantages to curtail ammonia emissions into the atmosphere, as livestock production is responsible for 65 to 75% of all emissions. The method requires both laboratory and field tests. The laboratory tests will measure kinetic parameters associated with ISPAD and produce an adapted model calibrated and validated with further laboratory bioreactor work and the acquired field data. This model will predict best management practices for optimal biogas production and minimal organic N degradation. In the field, two sites with dual manure operations will be used; on each site, one tank will be covered while the other will serve as control. Mass balances on C, N, P and K will be conducted to measure the performance of the system in terms of biogas production and organic N degradation. Manure odour emission after storage will be evaluated. For ISPAD, the project will: produce a model predicting organic N degradation, a research subject area of limited attention, and biogas production; indicate best management practices, and; provide livestock enterprises with the information required to establish whether or not ISPAD can be beneficial for their operation.