Improving the performance of greenhouse gas reducing tools

作为长期目标，本研究开发了可持续的有机废物和废水回收技术，如减少温室气体排放（GGE）。除其他相关项目外，即将进行的两个主要项目的目标是：提高堆肥的可行性，使有机废物100%从堆填区转移；用于氧化CH4的生物过滤器，以增加畜牧业企业和旧垃圾填埋场的使用。第一个主要项目将调查食物垃圾源分离（SS-FW）与机械分类城市固体废物有机部分（of - msw）的优势，在2000年与蒙特利尔高原Tournesol堆肥中心的合作中开始：培训3名本科生和1名硕士学生；2004年赴法国雷恩大学（Rennes Cemagref）学习，2007-09年共接待1名硕士和1名博士研究生。博士生将回到麦吉尔大学，在受控的实验室条件下研究SS-FW和OF-MSW的污染水平和堆肥可行性（处理时间、通风要求、GGE、产品质量和稳定性）。因此，市政当局可以选择最佳的分离方法，以提高昂贵的堆肥设施的可行性。继2004- 2006年与加拿大农业和农业食品部（AAC）的合作之后，第二个主要项目涉及用于氧化甲烷的生物过滤器，并通过研究甲烷从气流向生物过滤器水膜（一个限制过程）转移的速率对其进行改进。这个速率将在实验室中在各种条件下进行研究，并使用已知表面积的惰性介质模拟生物过滤器。该气体传递函数将被添加到现有的甲烷生物过滤微生物模型中，并将使用AAC在2004- 2006年收集的现场数据进行校准和验证。研究结果将用于优化生物滤池的CH4氧化，降低其应用成本。2009- 2014年计划的两个主要优先事项将有助于减少农业和垃圾填埋场这两个重要来源的温室气体排放，这两个来源分别占加拿大温室气体排放总量的1%和3%。该项目的目标是减缓地球变暖趋势，并为适应措施留出更多时间。

As long term objective, this research develops sustainable technologies for recycling organic waste and wastewaters, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GGE). Besides other related projects, the objectives of the two main upcoming projects are to improve: composting feasibility to divert 100% of the organic waste from landfills, and; biofilters for CH4 oxidizing to increase their use by livestock enterprises and old landfills. The first main project will investigate the advantages of source separating food waste (SS-FW) compared to mechanically sorting the organic fraction from municipal solid wastes (OF-MSW), within the collaboration started: in 2000 with the Tournesol composting centre of the Montreal Plateau, training 3 undergraduate and 1 M. Sc. students, and; in 2004 with the Rennes Cemagref, France, hosting 1 M. Sc. and 1 Ph. D. student from 2007-09. The Ph. D. student will return to McGill to research SS-FW and OF-MSW for contamination levels and for composting feasibility (treatment time, ventilation requirements, GGE, product quality and stabilization) under controlled laboratory conditions. Thus, municipalities can select the best type of separation method to improve the feasibility of costly composting facilities. Continuing the 2004-06 collaboration with Agriculture and Agro-Food Canada (AAC), the second main project involves biofilters for CH4 oxidation and their improvement by studying the rate of CH4 transfer from the air stream to the biofilter water films, a limiting process. This rate will be investigated in the laboratory under various conditions and using an inert medium of known surface area simulating the biofilter. This gas transfer function will be added to an existing methane biofiltration microbial model, to be calibrated and validated with field data collected in 2004-06 with AAC. The results will be used to optimize the CH4 oxidation of biofilters and lower its application cost. The two main priorities of the 2009-14 program will help reduce GGE from two important sources, agriculture and landfill sites, responsible for 1 and 3% of all Canadian emissions. The project targets a world wide priority aimed at slowing earth warming trends and allowing more time for adaptation measures.