Gyrodactylosis: an emerging threat to cod mariculture

圆指病：对鳕鱼海水养殖的新威胁

• 批准号: 365399-2008
• 负责人: Cone, David
• 金额: $ 1.74万
• 依托单位: Saint Mary's University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Strategic Workshops Program
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=406629
• 关键词: Gyrodactylosis; emerging; threat; cod; mariculture

Gyrodactylosis is a skin and gill disease of fish caused by small ectoparasitic worms. Preliminary research by the applicants indicates that there is a rich, but poorly understood, species pool of these parasites on wild gadoid fishes (cod, haddock, pollock and hake) in the North Atlantic. Outbreaks of gyrodactylosis have started to occur in cage operations growing cod in Norwegian waters, with methods to treat stocks held in sea cages being developed. It is totally predictable that the emergence of gyrodactylosis of cod in the North Atlantic will follow a similar pattern to that of sea lice, a serious problem wherever Atlantic salmon are being grown under aquaculture conditions. Like gyrodactylosis, the sea lice problem became first established in Norway, and as Atlantic salmon aquaculture developed elsewhere, the same problem appeared in Scotland, Ireland, Eastern Canada, and most recently in Western Canada. The present proposal will bring together experts from Canada, Norway, Scotland, Denmark, Iceland, and the United States of America and representatives of industry and government in eastern Canada. Discussion will address the potential damage of gyrodactylosis to the developing mariculture of cod. This will result in the development of collaborative R&D proposals to combat this disease. Not only will this disease effect cod grown in aquaculture, because the parasites proliferate so rapidly within the sea cages, but these would also become the foci of infection reinvading wild fish. Having a sound understanding of the ecology of the parasites and disease transmission will provide commercial opportunities for the development of such products as diagnostic tools and protocols for effective delivery of treatments in sea cages as well as the development of prophylactic measures.

三代虫病是由体外寄生蠕虫引起的一种鱼类皮肤和鳃部疾病。申请人的初步研究表明，在北大西洋的野生鳕类鱼（鳕鱼、黑线鳕、青鳕和无须鳕）上存在丰富但知之甚少的这些寄生虫物种库。在挪威沃茨养殖鳕鱼的网箱养殖作业中开始出现三指鱼病的爆发，目前正在开发处理海洋网箱养殖鱼类的方法。完全可以预见，北大西洋鳕鱼的三指虫病的出现将遵循与海虱相似的模式，这是在水产养殖条件下种植大西洋鲑鱼的一个严重问题。与三指藻病一样，海虱问题首先在挪威出现，随着大西洋鲑鱼养殖业在其他地方的发展，同样的问题出现在苏格兰、爱尔兰、加拿大东部，最近又出现在加拿大西部。本提案将汇集来自加拿大、挪威、苏格兰、丹麦、冰岛和美利坚合众国的专家以及加拿大东部工业界和政府的代表。讨论将解决潜在的损害，三指藻的发展中的海水养殖鳕鱼。这将导致制定合作研发建议，以防治这一疾病。这种疾病不仅会影响水产养殖中生长的鳕鱼，因为寄生虫在海水网箱中繁殖得如此迅速，而且这些网箱也会成为重新入侵野生鱼类的感染源。对寄生虫生态学和疾病传播的充分了解将为开发诊断工具等产品提供商业机会，并为在海笼中有效提供治疗方案以及制定预防措施提供商业机会。