Project 1: Childhood threat vs deprivation adversity: Impact of executive function, affective processing, and "real time" regulatory strategies on mental health symptoms

项目总结/摘要 COBRE研究项目1将使项目负责人Vergara-Lopez能够收集试点数据，以支持 竞争性R 01应用程序调查童年逆境影响新兴的不同“途径” 成人心理健康童年虐待非常普遍，并预示着广泛的心理健康问题 问题神经科学的模型表明，不同形式的虐待具有不同的“发展性”， “级联”导致心理健康问题的出现。虐待经历的特点是： 剥夺（缺乏来自环境的预期认知和社会投入）被认为是 尤其与“自上而下”情绪调节系统的开发相关（即，执行功能）; 而以威胁为特征的虐待经历（身体或心理伤害或威胁 伤害）被认为与“自下而上”的情绪调节系统的发展特别相关 (i.e.,强化敏感性、联想记忆、注意偏向）。然而，还没有研究调查过 “实时”评估剥夺和威胁的下游影响，也没有任何研究 全面研究了这些影响与青年期心理健康症状的关系。 该项目将首次全面检验剥夺和威胁的不同影响 并研究现实世界的情绪调节和心理健康之间的联系。新生儿成年人样本（年龄 18-25岁）（n=150; 50%为女性）。 参与者将完成一个基线实验室会议，评估“自上而下”和“自下而上”的过程， 心理健康症状“自上而下”和“自下而上”的过程将由一个国家的领域进行评估 一系列实验室任务，包括评估执行功能的多个组成部分（ 区分存在与不存在情感信息的认知能力），个体 反应时的奖惩差异：一种新的自我参照单类 内隐联想测试（索引积极和消极的自我参照记忆），和自由观看 眼动跟踪范式捕捉方向和持续时间的注意力的威胁。利用Ilumivu技术 从技术、评估、数据和分析（TADA）核心开始，参与者将完成为期30天的 生态瞬时评估（EMA）协议评估“实时”情绪调节策略 （重复的消极思考和重新评价）和标志性的心理健康症状。最后一次实验室会议 将重新评估心理健康功能的全方位。这项研究的结果将揭示下游 儿童期虐待对情绪调节（在日常生活中展开）和心理健康结果的影响。 这项研究有可能阐明不同的和临床相关的病因学途径， 影响心理健康，并可以为新一波的病因定制干预措施提供信息， 使用技术。

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT COBRE Research Project 1 will enable Project Leader Vergara-Lopez to collect pilot data in support of a competitive R01 application investigating distinct “pathways” by which childhood adversity impacts emerging adult mental health. Childhood maltreatment is highly prevalent and predicts a broad range of mental health problems. Models from neuroscience suggest that distinct forms of maltreatment have different “developmental cascades” towards the emergence of mental health problems. Experiences of maltreatment characterized by deprivation (an absence of expected cognitive and social inputs from the environment) are thought to be particularly relevant in the development of “top-down” emotion regulation systems (i.e., executive functioning); whereas experiences of maltreatment characterized by threat (physical or psychological harm or threat of harm) are thought to be particularly relevant in the development of “bottom-up” emotion regulation systems (i.e., reinforcement sensitivity, associative memory, attentional bias). Yet no studies have examined the downstream effects of deprivation and threat assessed in “real-time,” nor have any studies comprehensively examined these effects in relation to mental health symptoms in young adulthood. This project will provide the first comprehensive test of the differential effects of deprivation and threat and examine links to real-world emotion regulation and mental health. A sample of emerging adults (ages 18-25) varying in level of exposure to childhood maltreatment (n=150; 50% female) will be recruited. Participants will complete a baseline laboratory session assessing “top-down” and “bottom-up” processes and mental health symptoms. “Top-down” and “bottom up” processes will be assessed by a state-of-the-field battery of laboratory tasks including assessment of multiple components of executive functioning (that differentiate between cognitive abilities in the presence vs absence of emotional information), individual differences in reaction time contingent on reward and punishment, a novel self-referential Single-Category Implicit Association Test (that indexes both positive and negative self-referential memory), and a free-viewing eye tracking paradigm capturing orientation and duration of attention to threat. Leveraging Ilumivu technology from the Technology, Assessment, Data, and Analysis (TADA) Core, participants will then complete a 30-day Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) protocol assessing “real-time” emotion regulation strategies (repetitive negative thinking and reappraisal) and hallmark mental health symptoms. A final laboratory session will re-assess a full spectrum of mental health functioning. Results from this study will reveal downstream effects of childhood maltreatment on emotion regulation (as it unfolds in daily life) and mental health outcomes. This study has the potential to elucidate distinct and clinically relevant etiological pathways by which adversity impacts mental health, and can inform a new wave of etiologically tailored interventions that can be deployed using technology.