Experimental facility for velocity measurements in a turbulent wall jet

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Most flows encountered in industrial or environmental applications are turbulent, which is to say that they are characterised by enhanced levels of mixing associated with apparently random small-scale fluctuations of the velocity field. This is one example of so-called chaotic behaviour of a physical system. Although inherently difficult to understand, turbulence has many important practical applications including increasd skin friction drag (e.g. for aircraft) and increased wall heat transfer rates (e.g. for heat exhcangers.) In the atmosphere and hydrosphere, turbulence is responsible for the rapid dilution of contaminants. In order to improve the design of flow systems or mitigate adverse environmental impacts, engineers need to better understand turbulence and the associated transport.