Developing a social foraging theory

发展社会觅食理论

• 批准号: 122815-2008
• 负责人: Giraldeau, LucAlain
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=451679
• 关键词: Developing; social; foraging; theory

Many animals look for their food in groups and this type of foraging raises a number of important questions that have been at the heart of my research program for the last ten years. When animals forage together, individuals can avoid investing effort in searching for food by waiting and then taking the food found by others. When does it pay to wait and scrounge? What factors make this behavior common or rare? These questions are at the center my research program and can be addressed using a mathematical technique borrowed from economics called game theory. With game theory I can predict how many individuals should scrounge and how many should search. Using use small cage birds I found that depending on circumstances individuals change their investment in one and the other foraging mode. Now I propose to study how an individual's characteristics limit its use of one and the other alternative, the mechanisms it uses to adjust its individual investment in each alternative, how having to look for several types of prey that are difficult to detect affects its use of either tactic. The same principle applies to gathering information, some individuals sample while others get the information by watching them sample, that is they use public information. I propose to use video and audio playback techniques to explore how and when individuals use visual and auditory public information. The spontaneous emergence of individuals that exploit the efforts of others, whether for finding food or collecting information, has been and will continue to be of interest to a wide range of fields, including those that study human behavior (anthropology, economics, psychology). Because exploitation is one of the main barriers to the emergence of cooperation knowing how to control it would provide a major advance of knowledge.

许多动物成群觅食，这种觅食方式提出了许多重要的问题，这些问题在过去十年里一直是我研究计划的核心。当动物一起觅食时，个体可以通过等待然后拿走其他人找到的食物来避免在寻找食物上投入精力。等待和乞讨什么时候会有回报？ 什么因素使这种行为常见或罕见？这些问题是我的研究计划的中心，可以用一种从经济学中借来的数学方法来解决，称为博弈论。运用博弈论，我可以预测有多少人应该去搜寻，有多少人应该去寻找。使用小笼鸟，我发现，根据情况，个人改变他们的投资在一个和其他觅食模式。现在，我建议研究个体的特征如何限制其使用一种和另一种选择，它用来调整其在每种选择中的个人投资的机制，如何寻找难以检测的几种类型的猎物影响其使用任何一种策略。同样的原则也适用于收集信息，一些人取样，而另一些人通过观察他们取样来获得信息，即他们使用公共信息。我建议使用视频和音频回放技术来探索个人如何以及何时使用视觉和听觉公共信息。利用他人努力的个体的自发出现，无论是为了寻找食物还是收集信息，已经并将继续引起广泛领域的兴趣，包括那些研究人类行为的领域（人类学，经济学，心理学）。因为剥削是合作出现的主要障碍之一，知道如何控制它将提供一个重大的知识进步。