Developing a social foraging theory

发展社会觅食理论

• 批准号: 122815-2008
• 负责人: Giraldeau, LucAlain
• 金额: $ 4.01万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=522285
• 关键词: Developing; social; foraging; theory

Many animals look for their food in groups and this type of foraging raises a number of important questions that have been at the heart of my research program for the last ten years. When animals forage together, individuals can avoid investing effort in searching for food by waiting and then taking the food found by others. When does it pay to wait and scrounge? What factors make this behavior common or rare? These questions are at the center my research program and can be addressed using a mathematical technique borrowed from economics called game theory. With game theory I can predict how many individuals should scrounge and how many should search. Using use small cage birds I found that depending on circumstances individuals change their investment in one and the other foraging mode. Now I propose to study how an individual's characteristics limit its use of one and the other alternative, the mechanisms it uses to adjust its individual investment in each alternative, how having to look for several types of prey that are difficult to detect affects its use of either tactic. The same principle applies to gathering information, some individuals sample while others get the information by watching them sample, that is they use public information. I propose to use video and audio playback techniques to explore how and when individuals use visual and auditory public information. The spontaneous emergence of individuals that exploit the efforts of others, whether for finding food or collecting information, has been and will continue to be of interest to a wide range of fields, including those that study human behavior (anthropology, economics, psychology). Because exploitation is one of the main barriers to the emergence of cooperation knowing how to control it would provide a major advance of knowledge.

许多动物会分组寻找食物，这种觅食引发了过去十年来我研究计划的核心的许多重要问题。当动物一起觅食时，个人可以避免通过等待和吸收其他人发现的食物来搜寻食物。等待和scrounge何时付费？ 哪些因素使这种行为普遍或罕见？这些问题是在我的研究计划中的中心，可以使用从经济学中借来的名为“游戏理论”的数学技术来解决。有了游戏理论，我可以预测应该有多少个人以及应该搜索多少个人。使用小笼子鸟，我发现根据情况，个人以一种和另一种觅食模式改变了投资。现在，我建议研究一个人的特征如何限制其对一种替代方案的使用，即它用于调整每个替代方案的个人投资的机制，如何寻找难以检测到的几种猎物会影响其对任何一种策略的使用。同样的原则适用于收集信息，有些人采样了，而另一些人则通过观看样品来获取信息，即他们使用公共信息。我建议使用视频和音频播放技术来探讨个人如何以及何时使用视觉和听觉公共信息。利用他人努力的个人的自发出现，无论是寻找食物还是收集信息，都已经并且将继续引起广泛领域的关注，包括研究人类行为的人（人类学，经济学，心理学）。因为剥削是知道如何控制合作的主要障碍之一，这将为知识提供重大的进步。