Thermal plume transport, remediation, and utilization in groundwater

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The objective of my research program is to develop new methods of quantifying and remediating thermal impacts from below-water-table aggregate and rock extraction on cool-water streams. The focus will be on remedial methods that utilize the aquifer thermal energy generated from the water filled extraction pits for heating and cooling local buildings and neighbourhoods. In this way not only will cool-water ecosystems and fisheries be protected adjacent to extraction sites but the remedial systems will provide a sustainable energy source. Currently, we are nearing completion of an unprecedented 10 year field and numerical modelling assessment to quantify the persistence of thermal plumes emanating from an aggregate pit through an unconfined, glacial outwash aquifer. Our results show that alternating warm and cool plumes persist in the aquifer for 11 months, migrate up to 250 m down gradient, and if sufficient separation distances are not provided, temperature changes of even 2 to 3 degrees C in the hyporheic zone may adversely affect the macroinvertebrate community and incumbent brook trout populations.