Multimodal and multispectral microscopy for clinical diagnostics

用于临床诊断的多模态和多光谱显微镜

• 批准号: 341555-2008
• 负责人: Boudoux, Caroline
• 金额: $ 1.81万
• 依托单位: École Polytechnique de Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=458445
• 关键词: Multimodal; multispectral; microscopy; clinical; diagnostics

Current diagnoses of pathologies such as cancer rely on cellular evaluation of tissue samples excised through biopsy procedures. While this technique allows for evaluation of diseased cells, biopsies are uncomfortable for the patient, often hazardous, sample processing is time-consuming, and only a limited portion of a much larger organ is evaluated, resulting in a number of false-negative diagnoses. Optical imaging technologies such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) are non-invasive optical technologies capable of producing high resolution images of cells at different depth through small, fibre-optics based instruments. The recent developments in biophotonics research have led to new smaller, more sensitive instruments having imaging speeds that allow non-invasive investigation of larger areas, reducing the risks associated with biopsies. Within the last decade, both these technologies (RCM and OCT) were shown to yield high quality structural (OCT), cellular and sub-cellular (RCM) images in vivo. However, the lack of specific contrast agents that would reproduce the effect of stains used on biopsy samples, limits their clinical utility to the few organs on which biopsies are impracticable. The objective of the proposed research program is to exploit linear and non-linear photon-tissue interactions to increase contrast and specificity of clinical microscopy images in ways that are compatible with constraints associated with the geometry of imaging endoscopes. The originality of this approach consists in combining tools traditionally used by biologists with newly developed optical diagnostics tools to yield high-resolution non-invasive endoscopic imaging with highly specific contrast. The research program includes the development of photonics tools that will enable the rapid transfer to the clinics, and lead to the development of the next generation of medical imaging endoscopes capable of non-invasively imaging human organs in vivo with cellular sensitivity and molecular specificity. These novel optical diagnostics technologies will provide enhanced diagnostics capability, allowing detection of diseases at earlier stages, where chances of survival and cure are the greatest.

目前对诸如癌症的病理学的诊断依赖于通过活检程序切除的组织样品的细胞评价。虽然这种技术允许评估病变细胞，但活检对患者来说是不舒服的，通常是危险的，样品处理是耗时的，并且仅评估大得多的器官的有限部分，导致许多假阴性诊断。光学成像技术，如光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和反射共焦显微镜（RCM）是非侵入性的光学技术，能够产生高分辨率图像的细胞在不同的深度，通过小，光纤为基础的仪器。生物光子学研究的最新发展导致了新的更小，更灵敏的仪器，其成像速度允许对更大区域进行非侵入性研究，降低了与活检相关的风险。在过去的十年中，这两种技术（RCM和OCT）被证明可以在体内产生高质量的结构（OCT），细胞和亚细胞（RCM）图像。然而，缺乏特异性造影剂，将复制的效果，染色活检样本，限制了他们的临床效用，活检是不可行的少数器官。拟议的研究计划的目的是利用线性和非线性的光子-组织相互作用，以与成像内窥镜的几何形状相关的约束兼容的方式增加临床显微镜图像的对比度和特异性。这种方法的独创性在于将生物学家传统使用的工具与新开发的光学诊断工具相结合，以产生具有高度特异性对比度的高分辨率非侵入性内窥镜成像。该研究计划包括开发光子学工具，这些工具将能够快速转移到诊所，并导致下一代医学成像内窥镜的开发，该内窥镜能够以细胞敏感性和分子特异性对体内人体器官进行非侵入性成像。这些新的光学诊断技术将提供增强的诊断能力，允许在早期阶段检测疾病，在早期阶段生存和治愈的机会最大。