Cellular and molecular mechanisms of ion transport by the insect excretory system

昆虫排泄系统离子运输的细胞和分子机制

• 批准号: 371911-2009
• 负责人: Ianowski, Juan
• 金额: $ 2.19万
• 依托单位: University of Saskatchewan
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=461423
• 关键词: Cellular; molecular; mechanisms; ion; transport

How do insects, as tiny animals with large surface to volume ratios that makes water evaporation all the more serious, invade every niche of the terrestrial environment and avoid desiccation? The answer is osmoregulation. The amazing evolutionary adaptations that allow insect to regulate their osmotic state have puzzled researchers for decades. Through my research I will further our understanding of osmoregulation and excretion in insects and the enormous diversity that this group has evolved. This knowledge will uncover not only new aspects of basic insect biology but will facilitate the rational development of cost-effective, insect specific and environmentally benign pest control measures. In addition, my research project will advance our understanding of fundamental mechanisms of epithelial physiology. One of the most interesting questions on epithelial physiology is the nature of the intracellular homeostatic mechanisms which regulate ion transporters to maintain transepithelial transport while defending cytosolic composition. Insect excretory epithelia are ideal models to study these mechanisms, that have remain elusive so far, thanks to the availability of molecular and physiological approaches not possible in vertebrate models. Funding from this grant will support the training of three graduate and five undergraduate students on molecular biology, advanced electrophysiology and pharmacology that will prepare them for careers in academia and in industry.

昆虫这种体积比大的微小动物，是如何入侵陆地环境的每一个生态位而避免干燥的？答案是渗透调节。昆虫调节自身渗透状态的进化适应性让研究人员困惑了几十年。通过我的研究，我将进一步了解昆虫的渗透调节和排泄，以及这一群体进化出的巨大多样性。这些知识不仅将揭示基本昆虫生物学的新方面，而且将促进合理开发具有成本效益的、特定于昆虫的、无害于环境的虫害防治措施。此外，我的研究项目将促进我们对上皮生理学基本机制的理解。上皮生理学中最有趣的问题之一是细胞内稳态机制的性质，该机制调节离子转运体以维持上皮转运，同时保护胞质成分。昆虫排泄上皮是研究这些机制的理想模型，迄今为止这些机制仍然难以捉摸，这要归功于分子和生理方法的可用性，而这些方法在脊椎动物模型中是不可能的。这笔资金将用于培训三名研究生和五名本科生，学习分子生物学、高级电生理学和药理学，为他们在学术界和工业界的职业生涯做好准备。