Balancing the demands of physiological systems: digestion in crustaceans during environemental change

平衡生理系统的需求：环境变化期间甲壳类动物的消化

• 批准号: 386796-2010
• 负责人: McGaw, Iain
• 金额: $ 2.55万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=463947
• 关键词: Balancing; demands; physiological; systems; digestion

The general effects of feeding on metabolism are well known (specific dynamic action, SDA), which is why they are usually controlled for in physiological experiments. However, if the energetic costs of digestion and assimilation are large they may impact other physiological systems. Because animals do not always stop feeding prior to experiencing an environmental perturbation, previous articles that do not consider digestive processes may not show the whole picture and may even be erroneous. My preliminary work has shown that the nutritional status an organism will affect other physiological processes. With this in mind this project will investigate physiological responses and digestive processes in three species of decapod crustacean of differing osmoregulatory ability when feeding and digest in different temperatures/low salinity regimes. We aim to 1) Determine how animals use cardiovascular (heart rate and regional blood flow) and respiratory mechanisms (oxygen uptake, blood-gas transport and acid-base) to balance the demands of competing physiological processes, and 2) Determine how the components of the specific dynamic action (mechanical digestion, enzyme activity, protein synthesis) contribute to the total SDA and to what degree they are modulated during temperature acclimation and low salinity exposure. These findings will help in understanding the partitioning and control of the phases of digestion that comprise SDA as well as how organisms balance the demands of competing physiological systems. The completion of the projects outlined in this grant will increase our understanding of digestive processes in crustaceans and should be of relevance for determining optimal culture conditions for aquaculture. There has been a renewed interest in recent years in studying the responses of organisms in a more natural setting or even in the field and these findings will extend this growing area of whole organism physiology and provide a framework for future studies. The completion of the projects outlined in this grant will increase our understanding of digestive processes in crustaceans and should be of relevance for determining optimal culture conditions for aquaculture or fisheries resource managers.

摄食对新陈代谢的一般影响是众所周知的（特定动力作用，SDA），这就是为什么它们通常在生理实验中被控制。 然而，如果消化和同化的能量成本很大，它们可能会影响其他生理系统。因为动物在经历环境扰动之前并不总是停止进食，所以以前的文章没有考虑消化过程可能无法显示全貌，甚至可能是错误的。我的初步工作表明，一个有机体的营养状况会影响其他生理过程。考虑到这一点，本项目将调查的生理反应和消化过程中的三种十足类甲壳动物的不同的调节能力时，喂养和消化在不同的温度/低盐度制度。我们的目标是1）确定动物如何使用心血管（心率和局部血流）和呼吸机制（氧摄取，血气运输和酸碱），以平衡竞争的生理过程的需求，和2）确定如何具体的动态行动的组成部分，（机械消化，酶活性，蛋白质合成）对总SDA的贡献以及它们在温度驯化和低盐度暴露期间被调节的程度。这些发现将有助于理解组成SDA的消化阶段的划分和控制，以及生物体如何平衡竞争生理系统的需求。完成本赠款中概述的项目将增加我们对甲壳类动物消化过程的了解，并应与确定水产养殖的最佳养殖条件相关。近年来，人们对研究生物体在更自然的环境中甚至在野外的反应重新产生了兴趣，这些发现将扩展整个生物体生理学的这一不断增长的领域，并为未来的研究提供框架。完成本赠款中概述的项目将增加我们对甲壳类动物消化过程的了解，并应与确定水产养殖或渔业资源管理人员的最佳养殖条件相关。