Balancing the demands of physiological systems: digestion in crustaceans during environemental change

平衡生理系统的需求：环境变化期间甲壳类动物的消化

• 批准号: 386796-2010
• 负责人: McGaw, Iain
• 金额: $ 2.55万
• 依托单位: Memorial University of Newfoundland
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=485509
• 关键词: Balancing; demands; physiological; systems; digestion

The general effects of feeding on metabolism are well known (specific dynamic action, SDA), which is why they are usually controlled for in physiological experiments. However, if the energetic costs of digestion and assimilation are large they may impact other physiological systems. Because animals do not always stop feeding prior to experiencing an environmental perturbation, previous articles that do not consider digestive processes may not show the whole picture and may even be erroneous. My preliminary work has shown that the nutritional status an organism will affect other physiological processes. With this in mind this project will investigate physiological responses and digestive processes in three species of decapod crustacean of differing osmoregulatory ability when feeding and digest in different temperatures/low salinity regimes. We aim to 1) Determine how animals use cardiovascular (heart rate and regional blood flow) and respiratory mechanisms (oxygen uptake, blood-gas transport and acid-base) to balance the demands of competing physiological processes, and 2) Determine how the components of the specific dynamic action (mechanical digestion, enzyme activity, protein synthesis) contribute to the total SDA and to what degree they are modulated during temperature acclimation and low salinity exposure. These findings will help in understanding the partitioning and control of the phases of digestion that comprise SDA as well as how organisms balance the demands of competing physiological systems. The completion of the projects outlined in this grant will increase our understanding of digestive processes in crustaceans and should be of relevance for determining optimal culture conditions for aquaculture. There has been a renewed interest in recent years in studying the responses of organisms in a more natural setting or even in the field and these findings will extend this growing area of whole organism physiology and provide a framework for future studies. The completion of the projects outlined in this grant will increase our understanding of digestive processes in crustaceans and should be of relevance for determining optimal culture conditions for aquaculture or fisheries resource managers.

进食对新陈代谢的一般影响是众所周知的（特定动态作用，SDA），这就是为什么它们通常在生理实验中受到控制。 然而，如果消化和同化的能量消耗很大，它们可能会影响其他生理系统。由于动物在经历环境扰动之前并不总是停止进食，因此以前不考虑消化过程的文章可能无法展示全貌，甚至可能是错误的。我的初步工作表明，有机体的营养状况会影响其他生理过程。考虑到这一点，该项目将研究三种具有不同渗透调节能力的十足目甲壳类动物在不同温度/低盐度条件下摄食和消化时的生理反应和消化过程。我们的目标是 1) 确定动物如何利用心血管（心率和局部血流）和呼吸机制（吸氧、血气输送和酸碱）来平衡竞争性生理过程的需求，2) 确定特定动态作用的组成部分（机械消化、酶活性、蛋白质合成）如何对总 SDA 做出贡献，以及它们在温度适应和低温过程中受到调节的程度。 盐度暴露。这些发现将有助于理解构成 SDA 的消化阶段的划分和控制，以及生物体如何平衡竞争性生理系统的需求。这笔赠款中概述的项目的完成将增加我们对甲壳类动物消化过程的了解，并且对于确定水产养殖的最佳培养条件应该具有相关性。近年来，人们对在更自然的环境中甚至在野外研究生物体的反应重新产生了兴趣，这些发现将扩展整个生物体生理学的这一不断发展的领域，并为未来的研究提供框架。这笔赠款中概述的项目的完成将增加我们对甲壳类动物消化过程的了解，并且对于确定水产养殖或渔业资源管理者的最佳养殖条件应该具有相关性。