Mass transfer in bioreactors and reactors

生物反应器和反应器中的传质

• 批准号: 6064-2009
• 负责人: Gray, Murray
• 金额: $ 5.83万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=474052
• 关键词: Mass; transfer; bioreactors; reactors

The objective of this research program is to understand the role of coupling between chemical reactions and diffusion of molecules length scales from a few nanometers to a few microns. The research will investigate two important reactions relevant to energy and the environment; thermal cracking of oil sands bitumen, and the bacterial transport of hydrocarbons into cells and between bacteria in methanogenic consortia. In both high-temperature cracking and in biological conversion of hydrocarbons, the reactions are profoundly affected by the movements of the reacting molecules over short distances. For example, when large molecules in oil sands bitumen break apart at high temperature, we want the cracked fragments to escape to the vapor phase to release valuable products. If the cracked fragments cannot diffuse out of the liquid phase fast enough, then they can react to form low-value coke instead. In bacterial conversion of hydrocarbons, the cell wall plays the key role in determining which compounds enter the cell. Protein pumps within the cell wall can remove compounds such as antibiotics and hydrocarbons from the cell. Understanding and controlling the movement of compounds across the cell wall is a crucial step to using bacteria as effective bioreactors for environmental cleanup and for conversion of hydrocarbons to useful products.

该研究计划的目的是了解化学反应和分子扩散之间的耦合作用，从几纳米到几微米的长度尺度。该研究将调查与能源和环境相关的两个重要反应;油砂沥青的热裂解，以及碳氢化合物进入细胞和产甲烷菌群中细菌之间的细菌运输。在烃类的高温裂解和生物转化中，反应受到反应分子短距离运动的深刻影响。例如，当油砂沥青中的大分子在高温下分解时，我们希望裂解的碎片逃逸到气相中以释放有价值的产品。如果裂解的碎片不能足够快地从液相中扩散出来，那么它们可以反应形成低价值的焦炭。在碳氢化合物的细菌转化中，细胞壁在决定哪些化合物进入细胞中起关键作用。细胞壁内的蛋白质泵可以从细胞中清除抗生素和碳氢化合物等化合物。了解和控制化合物在细胞壁中的运动是使用细菌作为有效生物反应器进行环境清洁和将碳氢化合物转化为有用产品的关键一步。