Fire and biogeoscience plant ecology

火灾与生物地球科学植物生态学

• 批准号: 7235-2008
• 负责人: Johnson, Edward
• 金额: $ 3.23万
• 依托单位: University of Calgary
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=474213
• 关键词: Fire; biogeoscience; plant; ecology

The four proposed research projects bring together ecological and physical (fire and geomorphology) processes in a manner that expands both disciplines. 1) The landscape development-plant tolerance project breaks new ground by using the Channel Hillslope Integrated Landscape Development Model to create a terrain with known climatic, hydrologic, and geomorphic processes and then putting plant communities of different species tolerances (corresponding to real communities) on this terrain's moisture gradients. The approach will help determine the role of different climates and geomorphology on species diversity. 2) Altitudinal treeline is usually narrowly defined by climate (cold); in this project we will examine the geomorphic processes (substrate instability and water shortage caused by slope processes) that also influence treeline. In a time of changing climate these other treeline processes may also change. 3) Wildfires remove the F and H organic layers of the soil by smoldering combustion and allow more successful tree regeneration. In this project we will determine the moisture budgets for the F and H layers-the most important process for smoldering combustion. We intend to create a small watershed (fifth-order stream) distributed model for the moisture budgets that can be used to predict F- and H-layer moisture. 4) Finally, we propose a spatially explicit model of tree mortality from surface fires. This project brings together the Wildlands Fire Dynamics Simulator and the tree mortality model which we have developed to predict tree death under a range of fire intensities. In a time of increased use of low intensity management burns, it is important to understand how heat transfer kills the trees so that the burns can be designed for the desired ecological effect.

四个拟议的研究项目汇集了生态和物理（火和地貌）过程的方式，扩大两个学科。 1)景观开发-植物耐受性项目通过使用通道山坡综合景观开发模型来创建具有已知气候、水文和地貌过程的地形，然后将不同物种耐受性的植物群落（对应于真实的群落）置于该地形的水分梯度上，从而开辟了新的天地。这一方法将有助于确定不同气候和地貌对物种多样性的作用。2)海拔树线通常由气候（寒冷）狭义定义;在本项目中，我们将研究也影响树线的地貌过程（由斜坡过程引起的基底不稳定性和缺水）。在气候变化的时期，这些其他的树线过程也可能发生变化。3)野火通过阴燃燃烧去除土壤的F和H有机层，并允许更成功的树木再生。在这个项目中，我们将确定的F和H层的最重要的阴燃燃烧过程中的水分预算。我们打算创建一个小流域（五阶流）分布式模型的水分预算，可用于预测F-和H-层水分。4)最后，我们提出了一个空间上明确的模型，从地面火灾的树木死亡率。这个项目汇集了荒地火灾动力学模拟器和树木死亡率模型，我们已经开发出预测树木死亡的火灾强度范围内。在增加使用低强度管理燃烧的时候，重要的是要了解热传递如何杀死树木，以便燃烧可以设计为所需的生态效果。