Coupling ecological and geophysical processes three projects:Hydrology & riparian tree populations, Process model of fire frequency,Complex modular network of plant distribution.

该研究计划有三个项目连接生态和地球科学过程。1.大多数河岸树的研究是砂粉砂冲积河流。在此，我们将研究桤木的人口动态的砾石床基岩河流和人口是如何影响的水文地貌过程。将使用水力模型来确定种子在何处以及如何搁浅在海岸上。搁浅后，这些搁浅点的温度和水势将被用于种子萌发的水热模型中，以预测种子的萌发时间。最后，水预算模型将确定植物的生长速率如何保持正的水预算，而机械模型将显示植物如何抵抗（或不抵抗）河流的力量，导致破碎和连根拔起。在这个项目中的模型将给出一个综合的方法，对大多数河岸树木的基本因果力，从而有助于河岸规划。2.景观火发生频率的确定主要采用统计曲线拟合。该项目将开始开发一个基于气候的模拟，其中包括：燃料湿度和闪电点火的气候/气象模型，通过热薄植物燃料蔓延的计算流体动力学模型，树木如何死亡的传热和燃烧模型，以及火灾后和火灾之间的树木种群动态模型。这将开始基于控制方程的火灾频率的开发。3.植被是由水分及其在景观上的分布控制的。该项目定义了饱和流（地形湿度值）在真实的景观和地貌学中景观发展模型创建的景观上的网络模式。这种方法允许了解如何景观结构和水文，生物，地貌过程，创造景观解释水分（和养分）梯度，从而影响植被分布。这一认识的应用可以为生物物理土地分类和生态系统景观过程提供过程基础。

This research program has three projects connecting ecological and geoscience processes. 1. Most riparian tree studies are for sand-silt alluvial rivers. Here we will study the population dynamics of alder on a gravel bed-bedrock river and how the populations are influenced by the hydro-geomorphic processes. A hydraulic model will be used to determine where and how seeds become stranded on shore. After stranding, these stranding locations' temperature and water potential will be used in a hydro-thermal model of seed germination to predict times of seed germination. Finally, a water budget model will determine how the plant's growth rate maintains a positive water budget, and a mechanistic model will show how plants resist (or not) the river forces causing breakage and uprooting. The model in this project will give an integrated approach to the basic causal forces acting on most riparian trees and will thus help in riparian planning. 2. Determination of landscape fire frequency has been largely statistical curve fitting. This project will start the development of a causal-based simulation with integrated: climate/ meteorological model of fuel moisture and lightning ignition, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of fire spread through thermally-thin vegetative fuels, a heat transfer and combustion model of how trees are killed, and then a tree population dynamics model after and between fires. This will start the development of a fire frequency based on governing equations. 3. Vegetation is critically controlled by moisture and its distribution on a landscape. This project defines the network patterns of saturated flow (topographic wetness values) on both real landscapes and landscapes created by landscape development models in geomorphology. This approach allows an understanding of how landscape structure and the hydrological, biotic, and geomorphic processes that create landscapes explain the moisture (and nutrient) gradients that so influence vegetation distribution. The application of this understanding could provide a process basis for biophysical land classification and ecosystem landscape processes.