New electrode materials for the oxygen evolution/reduction reactions; solar cells based on novel solvent-free gel elctrolytes

用于析氧/还原反应的新型电极材料；

• 批准号: 41924-2008
• 负责人: Marsan, Benoît
• 金额: $ 2.4万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Montréal
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=474924
• 关键词: New; electrode; materials; oxygen; evolution

Metal-air batteries are energy storage systems attractive for portable electronic devices and electric vehicles due to their high specific energy and to the low cost and low toxicity of the electrode materials. Solar cells are devices that convert directly renewable solar energy into electricity. In order to improve the power density and lifetime of metal-air batteries, the long term objective of this proposal (Phase I) is to develop highly active and stable bifunctional oxygen electrode materials. In these devices, oxygen reduction (OR) is occurring during the discharge and oxygen evolution (OE) during the recharge, at the same electrode material. Novel MyCu1-yCo2O4 electrocatalysts (M = Mn or Li) will be dispersed on an Nb-doped TiO2 conductive support and fixed on a glassy carbon disk. The factors responsible for the electrode activity and stability will be assessed by studying the effects of the catalyst/support properties and of the electrode preparation parameters on the electrode properties and performance for the OR and OE reactions. O2- and air-feeded gas diffusion electrodes with an active layer containing the most promising catalyst/support powders will be investigated. The long-term objective of Phase II of this proposal is to develop a compact, highly efficient, stable and low-cost solar cell based on an original concept: a solvent-free gel electrolyte in junction with highly porous n-type CuInS2 or Cu(In,Al)S2 semiconductor; the catalyst CoS completes the device. Despite the advantages of using a gel electrolyte (e.g., mechanical stability), evaporation of the organic solvent will dry the gel and decrease the cell performance that should, on the contrary, be enhanced. Gel electrolytes, composed of new redox couples dissolved in an ambient temperature ionic liquid (very low vapor pressure) and incorporated in a polymer matrix, will therefore be developed. Also, the preparation of CuInS2 will be optimized and less expensive Cu(In,Al)S2 will be investigated. In order to get a better understanding of the factors responsible for the device performance, a series of redox couples, solvent-free electrolytes, nanosized CuInS2 and Cu(In,Al)S2 particles and films, and solar cells incorporating the optimal components will be characterized.

金属-空气电池由于其高比能量以及电极材料的低成本和低毒性而对便携式电子设备和电动车辆具有吸引力的能量存储系统。太阳能电池是将可再生太阳能直接转化为电能的装置。为了提高金属-空气电池的功率密度和寿命，本提案（第一阶段）的长期目标是开发高活性和稳定的双功能氧电极材料。在这些装置中，在相同的电极材料处，在放电期间发生氧还原（OR）并且在再充电期间发生氧析出（OE）。新型的MyCu 1-yCo 2 O 4电催化剂（M = Mn或Li）将分散在Nb掺杂的TiO 2导电载体上并固定在玻碳盘上。负责电极活性和稳定性的因素将通过研究催化剂/载体性质和电极制备参数对电极性质和OR和OE反应性能的影响来评估。将研究具有含有最有前途的催化剂/载体粉末的活性层的O2和空气供给气体扩散电极。该提案的第二阶段的长期目标是开发一种紧凑、高效、稳定和低成本的太阳能电池，其基于一种原始概念：无溶剂凝胶电解质与高度多孔的n型CuInS 2或Cu（In，Al）S2半导体连接;催化剂CoS完成该设备。尽管使用凝胶电解质（例如，机械稳定性），有机溶剂的蒸发将使凝胶干燥并降低电池性能，相反，电池性能应该被增强。因此，将开发由溶解在环境温度离子液体（非常低的蒸气压）中的新的氧化还原电对组成的凝胶电解质，并将其并入聚合物基质中。此外，CuInS 2的制备将被优化，并且更便宜的Cu（In，Al）S2将被研究。为了更好地了解影响器件性能的因素，将表征一系列氧化还原电对、无溶剂电解质、纳米级CuInS 2和Cu（In，Al）S2颗粒和薄膜以及包含最佳组分的太阳能电池。