Arctic hydrogeology and paleoclimatology

北极水文地质学和古气候学

• 批准号: 42590-2007
• 负责人: Clark, Ian
• 金额: $ 2.63万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=474973
• 关键词: Arctic; hydrogeology; paleoclimatology

The cryosphere constitutes roughly one half of Canada's land mass, and is underlain by perennially frozen terrain - permafrost - that greatly alters the mechanisms we know to govern water movement through watersheds in temperate landscapes. Groundwater movement through talik (unfrozen) zones in permafrost is an important component of the Arctic hydrological cycle, as it provides base flow for fish spawning habitat. It is involved in the formation of endostromatolites, biomineralizations that hold paleoclimate information as well as information on life in extreme environments. Long-term impacts of groundwater in talik also include effects on mining in the north and on nuclear waste repositories over the scale of glacial/interglacial cycles. While little is known about the role of groundwater in the north today, even less is understood about its role under past Arctic climates.

冰冻圈约占加拿大陆地面积的一半，其下是常年冻土地带--永久冻土--这极大地改变了我们所知道的在温带景观中管理流域水运动的机制。地下水通过永久冻土层talik（未冻结）区的流动是北极水文循环的一个重要组成部分，因为它为鱼类产卵生境提供了基流。它参与了内基质层的形成，生物矿化作用保存了古气候信息以及极端环境中的生命信息。talik地下水的长期影响还包括在冰川/间冰期循环范围内对北部采矿和核废料储存库的影响。虽然人们对北方地下水的作用知之甚少，但对它在过去北极气候下的作用了解更少。