Permafrost hydrogeology

多年冻土水文地质学

• 批准号: 42590-2012
• 负责人: Clark, Ian
• 金额: $ 3.35万
• 依托单位: University of Ottawa
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2015-01-01 至 2016-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=568903
• 关键词: Permafrost; hydrogeology

Over the past two decades, my students and I have examined the role of groundwater in permafrost terrain, from biomineralization and methanogenesis to ground-ice and river icings. We have demonstrated the importance of water movement through permafrost and its role in catchment hydrology, salmon spawning, ecosystem functioning and water resources. The documented increase in permafrost temperatures potentially enhances the expansion of talik and contribution of groundwater to permafrost hydrology. There are significant implications of enhanced groundwater movement, ranging from heat flux and permafrost stability to solute transport and contaminant migration. Over the next five years, we will focus on understanding the mechanics of groundwater recharge and movement in permafrost on two different scales. One is the watershed scale, comprising groundwater flow through intra-permafrost talik and active layer drainage and its role in nutrient cycling and energy fluxes at a series of monitored permafrost watersheds. The second is in the characterization of ice-bonded sediments as aquitards - low permeability materials that restrict groundwater movement. With increased development in the north, and with the reliance of permafrost as a barrier to contaminant migration (drilling sumps, community waste lagoons, tailings), permafrost aquitards have become an important component of arctic hydrology. The proposed research program will involve field sites in the Yukon and NWT, most of which are accessible from Whitehorse, along the Dempster Highway. Co-op students from Yukon College, Whitehorse and from Aurora College, Inuvik will assist with summer field work as well as with year-round sampling. Students will be trained on advanced analytical methods in our new CFI/OIF-funded environmental isotope sciences facilities, including noble gases, radioisotopes by AMS, and tritium. Success of the program relies on the participation of northerners from local communities and school children for assistance with fall and winter monitoring.

在过去的二十年里，我和我的学生们研究了地下水在永久冻土地带的作用，从生物矿化和甲烷生成到地面冰和河流冰。我们已经证明了水在永久冻土中移动的重要性，以及它在集水水文、鲑鱼产卵、生态系统功能和水资源中的作用。记录在案的永久冻土温度上升有可能加强塔利克的扩展和地下水对永久冻土水文学的贡献。从热通量和永久冻土稳定性到溶质迁移和污染物迁移，加强地下水运动具有重大意义。 在接下来的五年里，我们将在两个不同的尺度上重点了解地下水在永久冻土中的补给和运动机制。一个是流域尺度，包括通过冻土内部塔利克的地下水流动和活跃层排水及其在一系列监测的多年冻土流域的养分循环和能量流动中的作用。第二个是将冰结沉积物描述为蓄水层--限制地下水运动的低渗透性材料。随着北方开发的增加，以及依赖永久冻土作为污染物迁移的屏障(钻井池、社区废物泻湖、尾矿)，永久冻土蓄水池已成为北极水文学的重要组成部分。 拟议的研究计划将涉及育空地区和西北部地区的实地考察地点，其中大部分可从怀特霍斯沿着登普斯特公路到达。来自怀特霍斯育空学院和因努维克奥罗拉学院的合作社学生将协助夏季田野工作以及全年抽样。学生将在CFI/OIF资助的新环境同位素科学设施中接受先进分析方法的培训，包括惰性气体、AMS放射性同位素和氚。该方案的成功有赖于来自当地社区的北方人和学童的参与，以帮助他们进行秋季和冬季监测。