Precision measurements and studies of light-matter interactions using laser-cooled atoms

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We have developed a new class of atom interferometers that exploit the wave nature of atoms in a sample of laser cooled rubidium atoms. Using these devices, we have developed several techniques to precisely measure the momentum absorbed by atoms from the lasers, a measurement related to a precise determination of the atomic fine structure constant. This quantity plays a central role in the description of the interaction between light and matter. One of the goals of this proposal is to make an independent state of the art measurement of this quantity using a new technique developed by this group. The same experiment can also result in a highly precise measurement of the acceleration due to gravity and serve as the basis for a gravimeter. Gravimeters are used widely for oil and mineral exploration and for correcting tidal charts. We have also proposed a new measurement of the Newtonian constant of gravitation and the continuation of experiments that measure magnetic interactions, atomic lifetimes and studies of laser like emissions called superfluorescence. During the last six years, this research programme has provided outstanding training opportunities for 5 PhD, 4 MS and 24 BS students of whom 2 PhD, 3 MS and 20 BS students have graduated with an excellent record of placement. Through this proposal, it is anticipated that new training opportunities will be facilitated for 9 graduate students (5 current, 4 new), 10 undergraduates and 1 postdoctoral fellow over the next 5 years. Student involvement has also resulted in a significant restructuring of laboratory courses at York University including the introduction of courses on laser spectroscopy and atom trapping for upper level students as well as the rejuvenation of second year laboratory courses pertaining to electromagnetism and optics. All students working in this group are exposed to current trends in atomic physics, new instrumentation and experimental methods. This area of research is very popular but continues to be underrepresented in Canada.