The role of visual features in object processing for perception and action

视觉特征在感知和行动的对象处理中的作用

• 批准号: 298265-2009
• 负责人: Niemeier, Matthias
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: University of Toronto
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=480650
• 关键词: role; visual; features; object; processing

We live in an ever-changing world that is rich with objects and events. It is too complex to analyze it completely. So, how can we properly interact with it? I will investigate three fundamental strategies that the brain can use to cope with complexity. First, it can use prior knowledge to guide its attention and to select pieces of information that need to be processed first while ignoring others. Second, it can use optimal ways to integrate information in the best possible way. Third, it can use sparse coding, that is, it can convert the complexity of its sensory information about the world into simpler, categorical descriptions. I will explore the role of these strategies for two types of functions, when perceiving objects and when controlling manual actions towards them. Specifically, I will ask: (1) What are the neural correlates of prior knowledge and attention for object perception? (2) Can differences between perception and grasp actions be explained by differences in optimization? (3) Do processes of perception and action differ with regards to sparse coding as often observed in higher cognitive functions such as category learning? I expect that results from this research will further an understanding of mechanisms of object perception, of the functional architecture of visual processes, and the contributions of sensorimotor processes to human thought.

我们生活在一个不断变化的世界，充满了物体和事件。它太复杂了，无法完全分析。那么，我们如何才能正确地与之互动呢？我将研究大脑可以用来科普复杂性的三种基本策略。首先，它可以使用先验知识来引导它的注意力，并选择需要首先处理的信息，而忽略其他信息。第二，它可以使用最佳方式以尽可能好的方式整合信息。第三，它可以使用稀疏编码，也就是说，它可以将关于世界的复杂感官信息转换为更简单的分类描述。我将探讨这些策略在两种功能中的作用，即感知物体和控制对物体的手动操作。具体来说，我会问：（1）物体知觉的先验知识和注意力的神经相关性是什么？(2)感知和抓取动作之间的差异可以用优化的差异来解释吗？(3)感知和行动的过程是否与在类别学习等高级认知功能中经常观察到的稀疏编码不同？我希望这项研究的结果将进一步了解物体感知的机制，视觉过程的功能架构，以及感觉运动过程对人类思维的贡献。