Net ecosystem exchange of carbon greenhouse gases in high Arctic ecoregions

北极高生态区碳温室气体的净生态系统交换

• 批准号: 305414-2009
• 负责人: StLouis, Vincent
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: University of Alberta
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Northern Research Supplement
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=480864
• 关键词: Net; ecosystem; exchange; carbon; greenhouse

Human activities have elevated global atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) to levels that have resulted in an unequivocal and unprecedented warming of the Earth's climate system. This is especially true in the high Arctic, where in the past century average annual temperatures have increased at almost twice the global rate. In polar desert regions of the high Arctic, large amounts of CO2 could be sequestered from the atmosphere through primary production if tundra vegetation colonizes the desert ecosystem in response to increased warming. In contrast, in regions with large stores of organic carbon in soil, the increased soil activity that will result from permafrost degradation may cause increased decomposition and release of CO2 and CH4 into the atmosphere, positively feeding back on global climate warming. We are proposing to quantify the impacts of climate change on the net exchange of CO2 and CH4 from both terrestrial and aquatic landscapes in Quttinirpaaq National Park, Ellesmere Island, to determine if this region is currently in a phase of net primary productivity or net decomposition, whether future warming will result in positive or negative feedbacks of GHGs to the atmosphere, and what role Arctic ecosystems will play in future trajectories of climate change. However, the costs of conducting research in the Canadian high Arctic are exorbitant. The costs of travel alone for my students to carry out the proposed research program (e.g., return flights Edmonton/Resolute Bay, subsistence at sites, and logistic costs including shipping freight) approximate $40,000 annually. Therefore, any NSERC funding that can augment these high travel costs will in turn free up funds for the direct costs of research and further training of HQP. Furthermore, we wish to ask for additional supplementary funding to attend symposiums to present our findings to communities in the north that are affected by climate change, and foster scientific and social discussion about future directions of our research.

人类活动使全球大气中温室气体（GHGs）、二氧化碳（CO2）和甲烷（CH 4）的浓度升高到一定程度，导致地球气候系统明显和前所未有的变暖。在北极高地尤其如此，在过去的世纪里，那里的年平均气温上升速度几乎是全球速度的两倍。在北极高纬度的极地沙漠地区，如果冻原植被为了应对日益变暖而在沙漠生态系统中定居，大量的二氧化碳可以通过初级生产从大气中隔离出来。相比之下，在土壤中有机碳储存量大的地区，永久冻土退化导致的土壤活动增加可能会导致二氧化碳和甲烷分解和释放到大气中，对全球气候变暖产生积极的反馈作用。我们建议量化气候变化对埃尔斯米尔岛Quttinirpaaq国家公园陆地和水生景观CO2和CH 4净交换的影响，以确定该地区目前是否处于净初级生产力或净分解阶段，未来变暖是否会导致温室气体向大气的正反馈或负反馈，以及北极生态系统将在未来气候变化的轨迹中发挥什么作用。然而，在加拿大北极高地进行研究的费用过高。我的学生进行拟议研究计划的单独旅行费用（例如，往返埃德蒙顿/雷索卢特湾的航班、现场生活费和包括运费在内的后勤费用）每年约为40，000美元。因此，任何NSERC的资金，可以增加这些高昂的旅行费用将反过来释放资金的直接成本的研究和进一步培训的HQP。此外，我们希望获得额外的补充资金，以参加研讨会，向受气候变化影响的北方社区介绍我们的研究结果，并促进关于我们研究未来方向的科学和社会讨论。