Net Ecosystem Exchange of the Lower Amazon River - from Land to the Ocean and Atmosphere

亚马逊河下游的净生态系统交换 - 从陆地到海洋和大气

• 批准号: 1256724
• 负责人: Jeffrey Richey
• 金额: $ 49.65万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-09-01 至 2017-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1256724&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Net; Ecosystem; Exchange; Lower; Amazon

River systems are becoming progressively recognized as significant components of the global carbon cycle because they modulate and adjust the carbon dynamics not only of their watersheds but also of their marine receiving waters. Their primary role is as an immense source of outgassing of CO2 from inland waters to the atmosphere. If this effect is important, then the global terrestrial CO2 sink may prove to be smaller than current estimations indicate. Unraveling the processes that occur as water travels downstream and into the ocean is critical to understanding the role of freshwater ecosystems in global C cycling, yet a mechanistic understanding of these fluxes remains elusive. Recent advances in technology allow exciting new work that has not been previously possible. Riverine systems can now be effectively examined and understood through the lenses of Net Ecosystem Exchange. The overall objective of this project is to examine the processes that govern the movement and transitions of carbon through the lower reach of the Amazon River, from Óbidos (the last traditional measuring station on the Amazon), to the ocean. An ambitious field and laboratory study, combining cutting edge geochemical and geospatial analyses, will explore the influence of downstream processing on globally-relevant geochemical fluxes.The research itself will promote significantly greater understanding of the broader role of tropical rivers in the global carbon cycle, with the potential to shift the paradigm of how the transport and reaction of organic matter by rivers is viewed. A unique and extensive partnership with the Brazilian science community, via support from the funding agency FAPESP, will promote not only the science but significant capacity building, of both US and Brazilian students. The project team will address societal challenges in the region; as agriculture, fossil fuel exploration and hydropower demands progressively stress the lower Amazon.

河流系统正逐渐被认为是全球碳循环的重要组成部分，因为它们不仅调节和调整其流域的碳动态，而且也调节和调整其海洋接收沃茨的碳动态。它们的主要作用是作为从内陆沃茨向大气排放二氧化碳的巨大来源。如果这种影响很重要，那么全球陆地CO2汇可能比目前的估计所显示的要小。解开水向下游流动并进入海洋时发生的过程对于了解淡水生态系统在全球碳循环中的作用至关重要，但对这些通量的机械理解仍然难以捉摸。技术的最新进展允许令人兴奋的新工作，以前是不可能的。现在可以通过净生态系统交换的镜头有效地检查和理解河流系统。该项目的总体目标是研究控制碳通过亚马逊河下游从Arabidos（亚马逊河上最后一个传统测量站）到海洋的移动和转移的过程。一项雄心勃勃的实地和实验室研究，结合先进的地球化学和地理空间分析，将探索下游加工对全球相关的地球化学通量的影响。研究本身将促进对热带河流在全球碳循环中更广泛作用的更深入了解，并有可能改变如何看待河流有机物运输和反应的范式。通过资助机构FAPESP的支持，与巴西科学界建立了独特而广泛的伙伴关系，这不仅将促进美国和巴西学生的科学，而且将促进他们的能力建设。该项目团队将解决该地区的社会挑战，因为农业，化石燃料勘探和水电需求逐渐给亚马逊河下游带来压力。