Structures and dynamics of polar cap ionization using CHAIN and satellite observations

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The ionosphere, the ionized part of Earth's upper atmosphere, can significantly affect the radiowave propagation in many ways (refraction, reflection, Faraday rotation, and amplitude and phase fluctuations). Moreover, in Canada's northern regions, commercial and private aircraft rely on the high-frequency communication links and are seriously affected by the variations of the electron density. Therefore knowledge of the ionospheric electron density and the structures in it are essential for forecasting and mitigating the effects upon radio signal for application oriented systems such as communication and navigation. Precision monitoring of the structures in the electron density of the ionosphere will also have significant implications in almost all areas of the GPS user community (navigation, control segment, and monitoring systems).