Development of spoken word recognition and phoneme awareness in young children

幼儿口语单词识别和音素意识的发展

• 批准号: 341588-2008
• 负责人: Metsala, Jamie
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: Mount Saint Vincent University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2011-01-01 至 2012-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=482182
• 关键词: Development; spoken; word; recognition; phoneme

The proposed research program examines the developmental mechanisms which drive children's spoken word recognition toward a mature state. Spoken word recognition in the adult literature is presumed to be a discriminative process. The speech input activates all similarly sounding words in a listener's lexicon (a similarity neighborhood) and words compete for recognition. Words that reside in dense neighborhoods (i.e., have many similarly sounding neighbors) are recognized more slowly and less accurately than those residing in sparse neighborhoods. Lexical representations and lexical organization are based on segments or phonemes, and this does not vary with the size of a word's neighborhood or the position of information within a word. Less is known about the development of spoken word recognition in early through middle childhood. Children's lexicons are smaller than adults and more dynamic as vocabulary knowledge continues to grow substantially past the initial vocabulary growth spurt. The proposed program of research aims to explore the role of increased neighborhood density in driving segmental representation, processing, and organization in young children's spoken word recognition. The role of increasing neighborhood density is also examined in relation to the development of children's phonological awareness abilities, and a training experiment is included to test the causal nature of this relationship. The effects of density and phonotactic probabilities on young children's spoken word recognition and vocabulary acquisition are examined toward a better understanding of these influences and to test if each can be differentiated, as in the adult behavioral data. The proposed program of research also examines whether different measures purporting to evaluate the quality of phonological representations form a unitary construct that is stable over time and predictive of growth in phonological awareness and reading. The findings from the proposed studies have implications for better understanding language development and its role in reading acquisition and will be of interest to those in the fields of language development and impairments, reading acquisition, and reading disabilities.

本研究旨在探讨儿童口语识别走向成熟的发展机制。成人文学中的口语识别被认为是一个判别过程。语音输入激活听者词典中所有发音相似的单词（相似邻域），单词会竞争识别。那些位于密集街区的单词（即有许多发音相似的邻居）比那些位于稀疏街区的单词识别得更慢，更不准确。词汇表示和词汇组织是基于词段或音素的，这不会随着单词邻域的大小或信息在单词中的位置而变化。在儿童早期到中期，人们对口语识别能力的发展知之甚少。儿童的词汇量比成人要小，并且随着词汇知识在最初的词汇增长井喷期之后继续大幅增长，儿童的词汇量更有活力。本研究旨在探讨邻里密度的增加在促进幼儿口语单词识别的片段表征、加工和组织中的作用。研究还考察了邻里密度的增加与儿童语音意识能力发展的关系，并通过一个训练实验来检验这种关系的因果性质。为了更好地理解这些影响，研究密度和音致性概率对幼儿口语单词识别和词汇习得的影响，并测试两者是否可以区分，就像在成人行为数据中一样。拟议的研究项目还研究了旨在评估语音表征质量的不同测量是否形成了一个统一的结构，该结构随着时间的推移而稳定，并预测语音意识和阅读的增长。这些研究结果对更好地理解语言发展及其在阅读习得中的作用具有重要意义，对语言发展与障碍、阅读习得和阅读障碍领域的研究人员也有重要意义。