Drinking water system vulnerability: assessment and protection

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Historically, drinking water systems have supported human health and workforce productivity in Canada. Many Canadian drinking water systems are reaching the end of their functional life and will have to be rehabilitated soon. System upgrades and improvements made today may be inadequate to meet hydraulic and water quality requirements in the future due to changes in climate and urbanization patterns, and potential biological and/or chemical attacks. A big challenge that municipal water utilities face is to rehabilitate their systems with only a limited knowledge of the likelihood and significance of the structural, hydraulic, and biological/chemical loadings on these systems in the future. Thus, there is a need for decision-support models to help municipalities rehabilitate and manage their drinking water systems so that they are less vulnerable to future threats.