An experimental study of rates of Ca/Mg orthosilicate dissolution and carbonation in supercritical H2O-CO2 fluids

稳定大气中二氧化碳的浓度将是未来几十年人类面临的最大挑战之一。这将需要控制排放以及二氧化碳捕获和储存（CCS）。已经提出了几种CCS方法，但普遍认为二氧化碳矿化是最持久和最安全的选择。这是在岩石风化过程中形成碳酸盐矿物的过程，在橄榄石等正硅酸盐矿物中形成速度最快。虽然含橄榄石的岩石（如橄榄岩）偶尔会暴露在地球表面，而且人们对它们的自然碳酸化作用也很了解，但尚未建立起一种自传播的、人为引起的碳酸化过程，而且只在有限的条件下研究了二氧化碳与岩石之间的反应速率。二氧化碳总量控制与交易政策给工业带来的挑战将是开发安全处理二氧化碳的技术。钢铁行业的二氧化碳排放量约占全球人为二氧化碳排放量的7%，减少二氧化碳排放量的选择有限，而且肯定会减少

Stabilizing the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere will be one of mankind's greatest challenges during the next few decades. This will require curbing emissions as well as CO2 capture and storage (CCS). Several CCS routes have been proposed, but it is generally accepted that CO2 mineralization is the most durable and safest option. This is the process of carbonate mineral formation that occurs during the weathering of rocks, and is fastest with orthosilicate minerals such as olivine. Although olivine-bearing rocks (e.g., peridotites) are exposed occasionally at the Earth's surface and their natural carbonation is well-understood, a self-propagating, artificially-induced carbonation process has not been established, and rates of reaction between CO2 and rock have been studied only for limited conditions. The challenge for industry, presented through CO2 cap-and-trade policies, will be to develop technology to safely dispose of CO2. The steel industry, which is responsible for ~7% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions, has limited options for reducing its CO2 output and will certainly