Evaluation of the risk of toxicity from organic inks in aquatic environment

颜料是用于制造油墨的固体材料。它们的特点是它们的大小，耐光性和耐化学品和热。然而，与环境有关的需求增加了。今天，环保措施的目的是减少各类油墨的污染。因此，似乎需要进行毒性试验。Tête de Plume是一家位于魁北克的新公司，它开发了使用天然成分的墨水。这样的油墨可以替代目前使用烃油的矿物油墨。无毒的证据必须在油墨的原始配方和自然转化后进行。因此，必须验证产品的所有化合物对环境的毒性。在这一承诺的伙伴关系中，将优先考虑通过使用不同种类的藻类，当它们暴露于不同的化合物和浓度的油墨时，来评估油墨的毒性。调查将基于使用不同浓度的藻类，这些藻类允许检测可能的油墨毒性所需的最短培养时间。选择单细胞藻类是因为它代表了对环境扰动非常敏感的单细胞模型。测量藻类细胞分裂速率将用作毒性参数。此外，将测量细胞活力以鉴定死细胞。测试期间生长抑制的评估集中于两个参数：通过计算或通过EC50的图解法确定细胞密度和生长速率，即与对照溶液相比导致细胞密度或生长速率下降50%的油墨浓度。还将通过评价暴露于不同浓度油墨的细胞中的形态学变化和测定细胞内细胞器中的渗透和分布来确定油墨毒性。这种伙伴关系将使该公司能够开发和证明其产品制造中不同化合物的毒性程度。这也将使公司能够遵守加拿大环境法律。

Pigments are solid materials used in the manufacture of inks. They are characterized by their size, resistance to light and resistance to chemicals and heat. However, the requirements in relation to the environment increased. Today, environmental measures aimed at reducing all types of pollution inks. It therefore appears that toxicity tests will be needed. Tête de Plume is a new company in Quebec that developed inks from natural ingredients. Such inks may be an alternative to mineral inks using hydrocarbon oil today. The evidence of non-toxicity must be made in the original formulation of inks and after natural transformation. It therefore becomes imperative to validate the product's toxicity of all compounds to the environment. In this commitment partnership, priority will be given to evaluate inks toxicity by using different species of algae when they are exposed to different compounds and concentration of inks. The investigation will be based on the use of different concentration of algae which permit minimum incubation time necessary to detect the possible inks toxicity. Unicellular algae have been chosen because it represents unicellular model very sensitive to environmental perturbations. Measuring the rate of cell division of algae will be used as a parameter of toxicity. In addition, cell viability will be measured to identify the dead cells. Assessment of growth inhibition during the test focuses on two parameters: cell density and growth rate were determined by calculation or by a graphical method of EC50, i.e. the concentration of ink that causes 50% decline in cell density or growth rate compared with control solutions. Determination of inks toxicity will be done also by evaluation of morphological changes in cells exposed to different concentration of ink and determination of the penetration and distribution in intracellular organelles. This partnership will allow the company to develop and demonstrate the degree of toxicity of different compounds that go into fabrication of its product. This will also enable the company to comply with the laws of the Canadian environment.