Optical guidance during neurosurgery for deep brain stimulation electrode implantation in the treatment of Parkinson's disease

脑深部电刺激（DBS）手术是对标准药物（左旋多巴）无效的晚期帕金森病患者的一种治疗途径。该手术包括将电极插入丘脑下核（STN），这是大脑中一个毫米大小的区域，已知是基底神经节的主要驱动力。电极的作用是使stn的电活动饱和，减轻帕金森病的运动症状。这种手术并不能治愈疾病，而是在大约十年的时间里控制其症状，极大地提高了患者的生活质量。临床结果主要取决于刺激电极在STN背侧区域的良好定位。在植入最终的、更大的刺激电极之前，通过一个更小的、侵入性更小的测量电极来测量局部电神经元的活动，从而实现其精确的手术放置。最重要的是,

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is a therapeutic avenue for late-stage Parkinson's disease patients who do not respond anymore to standard medication (L-Dopa). The surgery consists in the insertion of an electrode in the subthalamic nucleus (STN), a millimeter-sized region of the brain known to be the major driving force of the basal ganglia. The electrodes act to saturate the electrical activity of the STNs and alleviate the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. This surgery does not cure the diseases, but instead manages its symptoms for approximately a decade, an extremely significant improvement on the quality of life of patients. The clinical outcome depends critically on the good positioning of the stimulating electrode in the dorsal region of the STN. Its accurate surgical placement is performed by measuring the local electrical neuronal activity with a smaller, less invasive measuring electrode prior to insertion of the final, larger stimulating electrode. Most importantly,