Multi-gas surface area and pore size analysis system for characterization of micro- and nano-porosity of biochar and other biomaterials

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This proposal requests funds for the purchase of a state-of-the-art system for characterization of surface area and pore size characteristics of biomaterials. Three major research groups will use this instrument: a primary group focused on applications to pyrolyzed biomass ("biochar"), a second group on particle deposition and atmospheric chemistry, and a third group on biological fibers and micro- / nano-porous biomaterials used in the design of novel biocomposite materials. Biochar has received great recent interest as a means to sequester carbon derived from waste materials while simultaneously acting as a soil conditioner that enhances plant growth. High surface area and porosity are critical physical properties accounting for biochar's capacity to sorb a wide variety of substances, ranging from water to plant nutrients to heavy metals and other environmental contaminants. Nano-scale structure of plant canopies and particulate matter may be an important determinant of atmospheric deposition and transport of solids and aerosols, as well as other interactions between plants and atmosphere, but has received little attention. Similarly, the porosity and physical microstructure of biological fibers and biologically derived porous materials are critical in understanding adhesion and bonding processes in the design of biocomposites. The instrument requested will receive intensive use in each of research these areas, where it is essential for enabling measurements that will enhance the mechanistic understanding of numerous biophysical processes in which surface area and porosity play a key role.