The physics of jets and compact stars during stellar evolution: Theoretical and computational investigations

天体物理喷流：这些是长长的、高度平行的流动，有两个背靠背的喷流从它们的中心源/物体流出。它们出现在新生的恒星、致密天体(如黑洞或微类星体)、活动星系核中，并与宇宙中能量最高的伽马射线爆发有关。尽管喷流的物理尺度不同，但它们在形态上有很大的相似之处，但像这样的问题--它们有什么共同的物理学？--或者--我们能否找到一种在所有尺度上都能运行的通用加速和准直机制？--仍然是一个有争议的问题。我们利用对年轻恒星喷流的高性能计算研究(三维)，以前所未有的分辨率和数百个天文单位的模拟尺度进行研究--首次能够与哈勃太空望远镜对喷流的观测进行一对一的比较。我们的目标是使用我们建立的代码和可视化工具来研究它们的弹射、加速机制，并将喷流模型与观测到的喷流特性进行对抗。最终，这项工作可能会导致对喷流物理及其在恒星和星系形成中的作用的理解。

ASTROPHYSICAL JETS: These are long, highly collimated flows, with two back-to-back jets streaming away from their central source/object. They are seen in newly born stars, compact objects (like black holes or micro-quasars), active galactic nuclei, and are associated to gamma-ray bursts, the most energetic events in the Universe. Despite their different physical scales, jets have strong morphological similarities, but questions like - what physics do they share? - or - can we find a universal mechanism of acceleration and collimation that operates in all scales? - remain a matter of debate. We employ high-performance computational studies (in 3 Dimensions) of jets from young stars carried out to unprecedented resolution and simulation scales of hundreds of Astronomical Units -- allowing for the first time a one-to-one comparison to Hubble Space Telescope observations of jets. Our goal is to study their ejection, acceleration mechanisms using the codes and visualizations tools we built and, to confront models of jets against observed jet properties. Ultimately, this work could lead to an understanding of the physics of jets and their role in the formation of stars and galaxies.