Treatment of industrial wastewater

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Industry is essential to Canada's economic growth. These industries include: petroleum refineries; pulp and paper mills; pharmaceutical producers; cosmetic, dye and resin manufacturing plants, etc. These are all very important industries for Canada's economy. However, many produce liquid wastes that contain toxic contaminants that are also listed as priority pollutants. Many of these pollutants include: phenols, benzene, toluene, and other aromatic compounds. At high concentrations these chemicals can be harmful to various ecosystems, thus polluted waste water must be treated before discharging into the environment. Engineers have devised many techniques, such as: adsorption, chemical precipitation, biological treatment, etc. for removing such compounds, but most of these techniques have limited efficiency and/or are costly.