Separate and combined effects of temperature and oxygen on neuromuscular function

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Over the past decade, a high body temperature has become recognized as a direct cause of decreased voluntary exercise capacity and tolerance. However, the mechanism by which body temperature influences exercise capacity remains a major source of debate. One area of research has focused on the effects of temperature on our muscles. Higher body temperature appears to directly reduce the brain's ability to recruit and activate muscles. However, higher muscle temperature by itself or a higher skin temperature can also reduce tolerance to exercise. Therefore, it is important to study how these different temperature inputs combine to affect muscle function. At the same time, temperature changes also affect the amount of blood flow and oxygen delivery to the brain and muscles, and the oxygen available to the brain or muscles is a powerful influence on actual muscle function. Thus, in order to understand the actual effects of temperature on muscle function, it becomes important to study what is due to oxygen changes and what is due to temperature. This is the main goal of the proposed research.