Biodiversity impacts of managed and unmanaged landscapes in the Anthropocene

在当今全球化的世界中，外来入侵物种（IAS）引起了人们的广泛关注，因为它们可能会对地理区域的生态系统造成不良的生态和经济影响，而这些生态系统不是其原生分布区的一部分。在接下来的五年里，我计划评估外来（外来）植物对土壤微生物多样性和非本地景观植物多样性的影响。这项研究计划将提供更好地了解生态系统功能和环境可持续性，在管理景观中操纵生物多样性的背景下，（种间和种内遗传变异、侵入性、渐渗、降低的适合度和感知冗余），使用一些植物物种，例如加拿大小飞蓬（Conyza canadensis）、芦苇（Phragmites australis）、青萍（Lemna minor）、木麻黄（Casuarina equisetifolia）、银合欢（Grevillea banksii），和尾巨桉（及其相关的微共生体）作为模式生物。目标是：（i）评估这些外来植物在其非原生生境中的共生状态;（ii）解释共生调节在某些外来物种入侵中的作用;（iii）研究外来植物对土壤微生物群落的影响;（iv）评估形态-分子变异以鉴定赋予物种“入侵性”的性状;以及v）最终，开发空间上明确的基于个体的模拟模型和统计生态基因组学方法。最终，这些研究的结果将旨在提供必要的科学背景资料，以便就生物多样性保护以及受管理和未受管理景观的生态认证作出知情决定。这些结果也将有助于理解导致表型变异和适应的功能和进化机制。该项目将与克什米尔大学（印度）、塔那那利佛大学（马达加斯加）和维索萨联邦大学（巴西米纳斯吉拉斯）合作，在拉瓦尔培训这一迅速发展的研究领域的几名研究生。因此，该项目也符合NSERC和大学的研究和培训任务。

In the contemporary globalized world, invasive alien species (IAS) have attracted much attention because of the undesirable ecological and economic effects that they may impose upon ecosystems in biogeographic regions, which are not part of their native ranges. For the next five years, I plan to evaluate the effects of alien (exotic) plants on soil microbial diversity and plant diversity in non-native landscapes. This research program will provide a better understanding of ecosystem function and environmental sustainability, in the context of manipulating biodiversity in managed landscapes (inter-and intra-specific genetic variation, invasiveness, introgression, reduced fitness and perceived redundancy), using some plant species, such as Conyza canadensis, Phragmites australis, Lemna minor, Casuarina equisetifolia, Grevillea banksii, and Eucalyptus urograndis (and their associated microsymbionts), as model organisms. The objectives are: i) to assess the symbiotic status of these exotic plants in their non-native habitats; ii) to explain the role of symbiotic modulation in invasiveness of some exotic species; iii) to examine the impact of exotic plants on soil microbial communities; iv) to assess morpho-molecular variation for the identification of traits that confer "invasiveness" upon species; and v) ultimately, to develop spatially explicit individual-based simulation models and statistical ecogenomic methods. Ultimately, results from these studies will be directed at providing the necessary scientifically sound background information for making informed decisions regarding biodiversity conservation, and ecocertification of managed and unmanaged landscapes. The results will also help understand the functional and evolutionary mechanisms that lead to phenotypic variation and adaptation. In collaboration with the University of Kashmir (India), the University of Antananarivo (Madagascar), and the Federal University of Viçosa (Minas Gerais, Brazil), the project will involve the training of several graduate students at Laval in this rapidly developing research area. Therefore, the project is also consistent with the research and training mandates of both NSERC and the University.