Biodiversity impacts of natural and managed ecosystems in the Anthropocene

人类世自然和管理生态系统的生物多样性影响

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-07275
• 负责人: Khasa, Damase
• 金额: $ 2.04万
• 依托单位: Université Laval
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2019-01-01 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=682115
• 关键词: Biodiversity; impacts; natural; managed; ecosystems

Biodiversity is the foundation of life on Earth. It is crucial for the functioning of ecosystems, which provide us with products, and services without which we couldn't live and sustain our societies. In the contemporary globalized world, invasive alien species (IAS) have attracted much attention because of the undesirable ecological and economic effects that they may impose upon ecosystems in biogeographic regions, which are not part of their native ranges. For the next five years, I plan to evaluate the effects of alien (exotic) plants on soil microbial diversity and plant diversity in non-native landscapes. This research program will provide a better understanding of ecosystem function and environmental sustainability, in the context of manipulating biodiversity in managed landscapes (inter-and intra-specific genetic variation, invasiveness, introgression, reduced fitness and perceived redundancy), using several tropical and boreal plant species and their associated microsymbionts as model organisms. i) to analyse the rhizomicrobiomes of natural and managed ecosystems for improved plant productivity and health; ii) to assess the impact of exotic plants and microsymbionts on soil biodiversity; iii) to examine the role of symbiotic modulation in invasiveness of some exotic species and their adaptation to environmental stresses and ecological amplitude as well as assess the morpho-molecular variation for the identification of traits that confer "invasiveness" upon species; iv) to assess the potential of phytobial remediation in soil-mining and aqua-mining of contaminants; v) to assess the impact of fragmentation on population structure and genetic diversity; and vi) ultimately, to develop spatially explicit individual-based simulation models and statistical ecogenomic methods. Results from these studies will be directed at providing the necessary scientifically sound background information for making informed decisions regarding biodiversity conservation, and ecocertification of managed and unmanaged landscapes. These results will also help understand the functional and evolutionary mechanisms that lead to phenotypic variation and adaptation as well as the phylogenetic limiting similarity hypothesis. In collaboration with the University of Kashmir (India), the University of Antananarivo (Madagascar), and the Federal University of Viçosa (Minas Gerais, Brazil), the project will involve the training of several graduate students at Laval in this rapidly developing research area. Therefore, the project is consistent with the research and training mandates of both NSERC and the University**

生物多样性是地球上生命的基础。它对生态系统的功能至关重要，因为生态系统为我们提供了产品和服务，没有这些，我们就无法生存和维持我们的社会。在当今全球化的世界中，外来入侵物种（IAS）由于可能对其原生范围以外的生物地理区域的生态系统造成不良的生态和经济影响而引起了人们的广泛关注。在接下来的五年里，我计划评估外来植物对土壤微生物多样性和非本地景观植物多样性的影响。该研究项目将利用几种热带和北方植物物种及其相关的共生微生物作为模式生物，在管理景观中操纵生物多样性（种间和种内遗传变异、入侵性、渐渗、适应度降低和感知冗余）的背景下，更好地理解生态系统功能和环境可持续性。I)分析自然和管理生态系统的根际微生物组，以提高植物生产力和健康；Ii)评估外来植物和微生物对土壤生物多样性的影响；Iii)研究共生调节在某些外来物种入侵及其对环境压力和生态幅度的适应中的作用，并评估形态分子变异，以确定赋予物种“入侵”的特征；Iv)评估植物修复土壤开采和水开采污染物的潜力；V)评估破碎化对种群结构和遗传多样性的影响；vi)最终，开发空间明确的基于个体的模拟模型和统计生态基因组学方法。这些研究的结果将用于提供必要的科学可靠的背景信息，以便就生物多样性保护以及管理和非管理景观的生态认证作出明智的决定。这些结果也将有助于理解导致表型变异和适应的功能和进化机制，以及系统发育限制相似性假说。该项目与克什米尔大学（印度）、塔那那利佛大学（马达加斯加）和维萨罗沙联邦大学（巴西米纳斯吉拉斯州）合作，将在这个迅速发展的研究领域培训拉瓦尔大学的几名研究生。因此，该项目符合NSERC和大学的研究和培训任务**