The systematics of reduced, soil-inhabiting ascomycetes

减少的土壤栖息子囊菌的系统学

• 批准号: 217253-2013
• 负责人: Untereiner, Wendy
• 金额: $ 1.97万
• 依托单位: Brandon University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=523740
• 关键词: systematics; reduced; soil; inhabiting; ascomycetes

Lack of information concerning the phylogenetic relationships and diversity of fungi is acute, particularly within the Ascomycota, a group that includes the majority of economically important fungi. Ascomycetes have been enumerated and identified in many habitats, but studies documenting their diversity are limited by the selective nature of isolation methods and the difficulty of identifying these fungi. Many ascomycetes do not form sexual states and are defined on the basis of their asexual spore forms (anamorphs). Anamorphic ascomycetes are typically simple anatomically and thus challenging to identify. Ascomycetes that form no spore stages in pure culture cannot be identified using microscopy-based methods. Fortunately, the problem of accurately identifying anamorphic and non-sporulating ascomycetes has been solved largely through the PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-amplification of target gene regions and the comparison of DNA sequences of the resulting amplicons. Sequence data are also valuable for inferring phylogenies that permit the recognition of monophyletic groups and the assessment of hypotheses based on ecological and morphological characters.

关于真菌的系统发育关系和多样性的信息严重缺乏，特别是在子囊菌门内，子囊菌门包括大多数重要的经济真菌。 子囊菌已在许多生境中被计数和鉴定，但记录其多样性的研究受到分离方法的选择性和鉴定这些真菌的困难的限制。 许多子囊菌不形成有性状态，而是根据其无性孢子形式（无性型）来定义。 变形子囊菌在解剖学上通常很简单，因此难以识别。 在纯培养物中不形成孢子阶段的子囊菌无法使用基于显微镜的方法进行鉴定。 幸运的是，通过PCR（聚合酶链式反应）扩增靶基因区域并比较所得扩增子的DNA序列，准确识别变形和非孢子子囊菌的问题已在很大程度上得到解决。 序列数据对于推断系统发育也很有价值，系统发育允许识别单系群并评估基于生态和形态特征的假设。