S&R GIS: an event driven geospatial infrastructure for real-time decision support

近年来，物理和虚拟传感器、传感器网络以及其他数据收集和信息技术的发展，产生了大量连续不断、不断扩大的实时信息流（或事件），远远超出了人类的处理能力。近年来，事件驱动架构（EDA）和复杂事件处理的复兴为基于事件的应用程序形成了一种新的技术范式。事件驱动的体系结构，以及面向服务的体系结构和开源，代表了地理空间应用的另一种web趋势，并被评为未来10年影响特别大的技术之一。从当前基于“请求/响应”的系统转变为“感知/响应”或“发布/订阅”环境，事件驱动设计允许系统“感知”正在发生的事情并积极“响应”它们。基于事件驱动体系结构开发的系统和应用程序能够检测传入事件，处理（识别和关联）这些事件，以根据定义的业务/应用程序规则找到模式，并最终响应事件和/或适当而迅速地采取智能操作。在开发事件驱动的GIS应用程序中存在许多挑战，其中之一是提供具有标准接口设计的适当体系结构，以便与事件源、事件消费者和事件处理组件（涉及空间“变量”）进行互操作。本项目提出一种新的事件驱动GIS体系结构，构建感知与响应GIS (S&R GIS)，能够高效、无缝地满足基于事件的地理空间应用需求。S&R GIS基础设施将能够从不同的来源获取事件，包括传感器、web服务、应用程序和数据库，根据事件订阅（可能是空间启用的）处理空间和非空间事件，并通知事件订阅者，进而调用适当的操作。在国土安全、公共安全、公共卫生、智能交通、灾害应急响应与管理等领域，S&R GIS具有广泛的应用前景。

Recent developments in physical and virtual sensor, sensor network, other data collection and information technologies have resulted in a huge amount of a continuous and ever-expanding stream of real-time information (or events), which is far beyond human's capacity to process. In recent years, event-driven architecture (EDA) and the resurgence of complex event processing have formed a new technology paradigm for event-based applications. Event-driven architecture, along with service-oriented architecture and open source, represents another web trend for geospatial applications, and has been rated as one of the technologies having particularly high impact in the next 10 years. Shifted from the current "request/response" based system to a "sense/respond" or "publish/subscribe" environment, the event-driven design allows the system to "sense" things that are happening and actively "respond" to them. Systems and applications developed based on event-driven architecture are able to detect incoming events, process (identify and correlate) these events to find patterns based on the defined business/application rules, and ultimately respond to the events and/or take intelligent actions appropriately and expeditiously. There are many challenges in developing event-driven GIS applications and one of them is to provide appropriate architecture with standard interface designs to interoperate with event sources, event consumers, and event processing components, which involves spatial "variables". This project proposes a new event-driven GIS architecture to build a sense and respond GIS (S&R GIS), which can efficiently and seamlessly meet the requirements of event-based geospatial applications. The S&R GIS infrastructure will be able to take events from different sources including sensors, web services, applications, and databases, processes spatial and non-spatial events according to event subscriptions (possibly spatially-enabled), and notifies event subscribers and in turn invokes proper actions. The S&R GIS can be applied in a broad range of applications, including homeland security, public safety, public health, intelligent transportation, and disaster/emergency response and management.