Chemistry of the nitrogen oxides

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The nitrogen oxides are an industrially, environmentally, and biomedically important class of compounds. Nitrogen containing fertilizers such as urea, nitrate, and ammonia rank among the top industrial s chemicals. It is in their use as fertilizers and as by-products of fuel combustion that they become environmentally important for their roles in photochemical smog and freshwater eutrophication. Nitric oxide has important roles in human physiology including vasodilation in arteries, immune modulation by white blood cells, and potentiation (long term memory) in the brain. The connection between all of these roles is the fundamental and surprisingly complicated chemistry of nitrogen's oxides.