Quantifying Natural and Anthropogenic Influences on Nitrogen Oxides Emissions and Chemistry

量化自然和人为对氮氧化物排放和化学的影响

• 批准号: 2404581
• 负责人: Wendell Walters
• 金额: $ 42.28万
• 依托单位: University of South Carolina at Columbia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2024-05-01 至 2027-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2404581&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Quantifying; Natural; Anthropogenic; Influences; Nitrogen

This project is expected to lead to a better understanding of how atmospheric nitrogen oxides (NOx) oxidation chemistry is influenced by natural and human activities and what impact it will have on nitrogen biogeochemical cycling and climate. The project's findings will inform predictive models for NOx emissions and oxidation under changing climate conditions.The project has the following objectives: (1) Quantify the interplay of volcanic eruptions with oxidation chemistry and reactive nitrogen emissions; (2) Assess the influence of natural climate change, specifically the Little Ice Age, on atmospheric oxidation chemistry within the northern hemisphere mid-latitudes; (3) Examine the influence of human-induced activities on oxidation chemistry and reactive nitrogen emissions. The study will analyze nitrate preserved in an ice core in a mid-latitude glacier to provide a unique, long-term record of past mid-latitude atmospheric composition. The stable isotopes of nitrate, formed via NOx oxidation in the atmosphere, will be extracted from the Upper Fremont Glacier ice core to reconstruct changes in NOx oxidation chemistry and emission sources since circa 1700 A.D. By analyzing key stable isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen with approximately annual resolution, the first comprehensive, over 100-year record from a mid-latitude glacier in the contiguous U.S. will be produced.This project will support an early-career scientist and contribute to the training of a graduate student. The project team also will participate in the ACS Seed Program at the University of South Carolina, that provides science research experience to underprivileged high school students.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该项目预计将导致更好地了解大气氮氧化物（NOx）氧化化学如何受到自然和人类活动的影响，以及它将对氮的地球化学循环和气候产生什么影响。该项目的研究结果将为不断变化的气候条件下氮氧化物排放和氧化的预测模型提供信息，该项目有以下目标：（1）量化火山爆发与氧化化学和活性氮排放的相互作用;（2）评估自然气候变化，特别是小冰期对北方半球中纬度地区大气氧化化学的影响;（3）研究人类活动对氧化化学和活性氮排放的影响。这项研究将分析保存在中纬度冰川冰芯中的硝酸盐，以提供过去中纬度大气成分的独特长期记录。硝酸盐的稳定同位素，通过氮氧化物在大气中形成，将从上弗里蒙特冰川冰芯中提取，以重建自公元1700年以来氮氧化物氧化化学和排放源的变化。该项目将产生来自美国邻近地区中纬度冰川的100多年记录。该项目将支持早期职业科学家，并有助于培养研究生。该项目团队还将参加南卡罗来纳州大学的ACS种子计划，该计划为贫困高中生提供科学研究经验。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。