Renewable Energy Storage Buffering with Metal-Supported Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells with Rapid Cycling Ability

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Renewable energy sources such as solar or wind power have the potential to significantly reduce air pollution and CO2 emissions while extending the lifetime of fossil fuel reserves. However, the energy sources are intermittent, so storage buffers are needed in order to provide sufficient availability of renewable power. Solid oxide cells that can operate reversibly as electrolysis cells (SOECs) and fuel cells (SOFCs) could potentially improve the longevity of storage buffer technology compared to batteries and improve the efficiency of energy storage and release compared to low temperature electrolysis cells, due to their lower kinetic losses and ability to use a greater proportion of heat rather than electricity as the energy input for hydrogen production. This heat can originate from resistance heating and kinetic losses in the cells during their operation, from external solar concentrators (such as those used in solar thermal plants), from geothermal sources, or from waste heat from nuclear power plants or industrial facilities.