High-resolution pre-industrial evolution of sea surface conditions in the Canadian Arctic

加拿大北极地区海面条件的高分辨率工业化前演变

• 批准号: 288262-2009
• 负责人: Rochon, André
• 金额: $ 1.6万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Rimouski
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2013-01-01 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=525759
• 关键词: resolution; pre; industrial; evolution; sea

Global warming caused by the anthropogenic release of greenhouse gases is now a fact, as stated in the 2007 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change: "Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level". The best example is the extent of Arctic sea ice in 2007, which was the lowest ever recorded. The Arctic ecosystems and northern communities are the most affected by such changes. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop realistic and accurate climate scenarios for decision makers to implement adaptation and mitigation measures. The main objective of our research program is to quantitatively reconstruct the evolution of sea surface conditions throughout the Canadian Arctic for the last 300-400 years (Pre-Industrial/ Industrial Era transition) in order to provide climate modelers with the necessary boundary conditions to test the accuracy of the next generation of regional climate models for the Arctic. The quantitative reconstruction of sea surface temperature, salinity and duration of sea ice cover will be realized at a pluri-annual time resolution using dinoflagellate cyst assemblages as proxy indicators. Plankton (motile dinoflagellate assemblages) and surface sediment samples (dinoflagellate cyst assemblages) will also be analyzed and compared to assess the threat of invasive aquatic species and/or harmful algal outbreak that may result from increasing water temperature and increased shipping traffic through the Northwest Passage following the disappearance of sea ice on a seasonal basis. These results will help decision makers to adapt the Canadian regulation on ship ballast disposal and mitigation.

正如政府间气候变化专门委员会在2007年的报告中指出的那样，人为排放温室气体造成的全球变暖现在是一个事实：“气候系统变暖是明确的，现在观察到全球平均气温和海洋温度上升，冰雪普遍融化，全球平均海平面上升，就证明了这一点。最好的例子是2007年北冰洋海冰的面积，这是有记录以来的最低水平。受这种变化影响最大的是北极生态系统和北方社区。因此，迫切需要为决策者制定现实和准确的气候情景，以实施适应和缓解措施。我们研究计划的主要目标是定量重建过去300-400年(前工业时代/工业时代过渡)整个加拿大北极海面状况的演变，以便为气候建模人员提供必要的边界条件，以测试下一代北极区域气候模型的准确性。将使用甲藻包囊组合作为替代指标，以多年时间分辨率实现海表面温度、盐度和海冰覆盖持续时间的定量重建。还将对浮游生物(可移动的甲藻组合)和表层沉积物样本(甲藻组合)进行分析和比较，以评估入侵水生物种和/或有害藻类暴发的威胁，这可能是水温升高和海冰季节性消失后通过西北航道的航运增加造成的。这些结果将有助于决策者调整加拿大关于船舶压载处理和缓解的法规。