Dinoflagellates as indicators of changes in marine conditions in northern high latitudes

甲藻作为北部高纬度地区海洋条件变化的指标

• 批准号: RGPIN-2019-06564
• 负责人: Rochon, André
• 金额: $ 3.13万
• 依托单位: Université du Québec à Rimouski
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Discovery Grants Program - Individual
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=738974
• 关键词: Dinoflagellates; indicators; changes; marine; conditions

This proposal aims at documenting the natural variability of climate at decennial time scales in northern Baffin Bay (Nunavut), James Bay (Quebec), and the estuary of the Miramichi River (New Brunswick). The evolution of sea surface conditions (temperature, salinity, sea ice cover and primary production) will be reconstructed using dinoflagellate cyst and pollen grain assemblages preserved in marine sediments, through the use of transfer functions using the Modern Analogue Technique. The reconstructions will then be compared with well-documented recent climate oscillations (Medieval Warm Period, Little Ice Age, North Atlantic Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation), with instrumental data, where available, and with the anthropogenic signal preserved in sediments (increase in CO2 level since the beginning of the industrial era, construction of bridges and dams, exploitation of natural resources, all of which may have affected sediment or primary production conditions). The temporal resolution of the reconstructions is similar to that used by climate modelers to establish climate scenarios of future climate change.      We will also document the biological affinities and molecular phylogeny of a number of subarctic and arctic dinocyst species, which are used to reconstruct paleo-sea surface conditions. The ecology of newly described species will also be documented, which will help interpreting the paleoenvironmental records preserved in marine sediment cores. The distribution of dinoflagellates (main toxin-producing microalgae) throughout the Canadian Arctic and in high-risk arctic ports will be documented. This will contribute towards monitoring for the presence of non-indigenous harmful/toxic species that may be transported in ships ballast tanks. Such study will also contribute at preserving the biodiversity of the Canadian Arctic.      Finally, we will also asses the risks of harmful/toxic outbreaks in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence through the analysis of surface sediment samples containing cyst of the toxic species Alexandrium tamarense, that produced a toxic bloom in 2008, which killed fish, birds and marine mammals. The analysis of the cyst content of sediments will provide data on the distribution of cyst beds in the St. Lawrence system.      We are also seeking funds to cover the elevated costs involved with sample collection in the Arctic. Plankton and surface sediments samples, as well as sediment cores, will be collected onboard the CCGS Amundsen over a 5 year period. Part of the funds will serve to visit Arctic communities (Cree Nation in Chisasibi, Inuit communities of Iqaluit, Resolute Bay, Arctic Bay and Pond Inlet) and present our results over the next 5 years. These visits will also contribute at involving local northerners in our sampling effort and to increase their awareness at global warming and future climate change that will affect their fishing + hunting resources, as well as their environment.

该提案旨在记录北方巴芬湾（努纳武特）、詹姆斯湾（魁北克）和米拉米奇河河口（新玩法）十年一次的气候自然变率。将利用现代Anastrophic技术，通过使用传递函数，利用保存在海洋沉积物中的甲藻孢囊和花粉粒组合，重建海面条件（温度、盐度、海冰覆盖和初级生产力）的演变。然后将重建与有据可查的近期气候振荡进行比较（中世纪暖期、小冰期、北大西洋涛动和大西洋多年代际涛动），并酌情提供仪器数据和沉积物中保存的人为信号（自工业时代开始以来，二氧化碳水平的增加，桥梁和水坝的建造，自然资源的开采，所有这些都可能影响沉积物或初级生产条件）。重建的时间分辨率类似于气候建模者用来建立未来气候变化气候情景的时间分辨率。 我们还将记录一些亚北极和北极的dinocyst物种，这是用来重建古海面条件的生物亲和性和分子遗传学。还将记录新描述物种的生态，这将有助于解释保存在海洋沉积物岩心中的古环境记录。将记录整个加拿大北极地区和高风险北极港口的腰鞭毛虫（主要产毒微藻）分布情况。这将有助于监测可能通过船舶压载舱运输的非本地有害/有毒物种的存在。这项研究也将有助于保护加拿大北极地区的生物多样性。 最后，我们还将评估在河口和圣劳伦斯湾有害/有毒爆发的风险，通过分析表面沉积物样本含有有毒物种塔玛亚历山大藻的包囊，在2008年产生了有毒的水华，杀死了鱼类，鸟类和海洋哺乳动物。对沉积物中孢囊含量的分析将提供有关圣劳伦斯系统孢囊床分布的数据。 我们还在寻求资金，以支付在北极采集样本所涉及的高昂费用。浮游生物和表层沉积物样品以及沉积物岩心将在CCGS Amundsen上收集5年。部分资金将用于访问北极社区（Chisasibi的Cree Nation，伊卡卢伊特的因纽特人社区，Resolute Bay，Arctic Bay和Pond Inlet），并在未来5年内展示我们的成果。这些访问也将有助于让当地北方人参与我们的采样工作，并提高他们对全球变暖和未来气候变化的认识，这将影响他们的渔业和狩猎资源以及他们的环境。